Kras g12c inhibitors and methods of using the same

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are KRAS G12C inhibitors, composition of the same, and methods of using the same. These inhibitors are useful for treating a number of disorders, including pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional patent application 62/438,334 filed on Dec. 22, 2016, which specification is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

KRAS gene mutations are common in pancreatic cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, and bile duct cancer. KRAS mutations are also observed in about 25% of patients with NSCLC, and some studies have indicated that KRAS mutations are a negative prognostic factor in patients with NSCLC. Recently, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations have been found to confer resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies in colorectal cancer; accordingly, the mutational status of KRAS can provide important information prior to the prescription of TKI therapy. Taken together, there is a need for new medical treatments for patients with pancreatic cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, or colorectal cancer, especially those who have been diagnosed to have such cancers characterized by a KRAS mutation, and including those who have progressed after chemotherapy.

SUMMARY

Provided herein are compound having a structure of formula (I)

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃ alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁ 2haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another embodiment, provided herein are compounds having a structure of formula (I)

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁ 2haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₅alkyl, C₂₋₅alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Further provided are compounds of formula (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; J is N, NR¹⁰, or CR¹⁰; M is N, NR¹³, or CR¹³;

is a single or double bond as necessary to give every atom its normal valence; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C=CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C=S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; and R¹³ is C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that

-   -   (1) when J is NR¹⁰, M is N or CR¹³;     -   (2) when M is NR¹³, J is N or CR¹⁰;     -   (3) when J is CR¹⁰, M is N or NR¹³; and     -   (4) when M is CR¹³, J is N or NR¹⁰.

In some embodiments, when Q is C═O, and E¹ and E² are each CR¹; then either (1) R¹⁰ is C₁₋₃alkylenearyl, C₁₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, or halo; or (2) R¹³ is C₁₋₃haloalkyl or C₃₋₅cycloalkyl. In various embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is CR¹³. In some embodiments, J is CR¹⁰ and M is NR¹³. In some embodiments, J is N and M is NR¹³. In various embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is N.

Further provided are compounds having a structure of formula (II)

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹;

J is N, NR¹⁰, or CR¹⁰;

M is N, NR¹³, or CR¹³;

is a single or double bond as necessary to give every atom its normal valence;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁ 2haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR^(B);

R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring;

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine;

with the proviso that

-   -   (1) when J is NR¹⁰, M is N or CR¹³;     -   (2) when M is NR¹³, J is N or CR¹⁰;     -   (3) when J is CR¹⁰, M is N or NR¹³; and     -   (4) when M is CR¹³, J is N or NR¹⁰.

In some embodiments, when Q is C═O, and E¹ and E² are each CR¹; then either (1) R¹⁰ is C₁₋₃alkylenearyl, C₁₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, or halo; or (2) R¹³ is C₁₋₃haloalkyl or C₃₋₅cycloalkyl. In various embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is CR¹³. In some embodiments, J is CR¹⁰ and M is NR¹³. In some embodiments, J is N and M is NR¹³. In various embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is N.

Further provided are compounds of formula (III) or (III′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR^(B);

R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring;

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine.

Further provided are compounds of formula (III) or (III′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸;

R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring;

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine.

In some embodiments, the compounds have a structure of formula (III). In other embodiments, the compounds have a structure of formula (III′).

The compounds of formula (II) or (III) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, Q is C═O. In some embodiments, Q is C═S. In some embodiments, Q is C═NR⁸. In various embodiments, R⁸ is C₁₋₂alkyl. In some embodiments, Q is CR⁸R⁹. In various embodiments, Q is C═CR⁸R⁹. In some embodiments, R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-4 membered ring. In some embodiments, R⁸ is C₁₋₂alkyl, and R⁹ is H.

Also provided are compounds of formula (IV) or (IV′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁸ is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, or NR¹¹R¹²;

R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently H, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl; and

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, N—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, N—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆ alkylene-amine;

In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have a structure of formula (IV). In various embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have a structure of formula (IV′). In some embodiments, E¹ and E² are each CR¹, and R⁸ is hydroxy, halo, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is methyl.

Further provided are compounds having a structure of formula (IV) or (IV′):

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁸ is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, or NR¹¹R¹²;

R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently H, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₃₋₁₅cycloalkyl; and

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In some embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have a structure of formula (IV). In various embodiments, the compounds disclosed herein have a structure of formula (IV′). In some embodiments, E¹ and E² are each CR¹, and R⁸ is hydroxy, halo, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

In some embodiments, R⁸ is methyl.

Further provided are compounds having a structure of formula (V), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Further provided are compounds having a structure of formula (V):

wherein

E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N;

R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo;

R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring;

R³ is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;

R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring;

L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH;

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring;

R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆ alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, each of E¹ and E² is CR¹. In other embodiments, E¹ is CR¹ and E² is N. In some embodiments, E¹ is N and E² is CR¹. In various embodiments, each of E¹ and E² is N.

The compounds of formula (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, N—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or NH—C₀₋₆alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl. In some embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl. In other embodiments, R⁰ is C₀₋₆alkyleneamine. For example, R¹⁰ can be i-Pr, t-Bu, phenyl, benzyl, OCH₃, C₁, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,

In some embodiments, R¹⁰ comprises an ortho-substituted aryl ortho-substituted heteroaryl, or 2-substituted cyclohexyl. For example, R¹⁰ can be

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, R¹ is H. In some embodiments, R¹ is F. In some embodiments, R¹ is methyl.

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In various embodiments, R² is aryl. In some embodiments, R² is heteroaryl. In various embodiments, R² is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indazolyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indolinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, cinnolinyl, imidazopyridyl, pyrazolopyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, indolinonyl, isoindolinonyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, or tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. For example, R² can be Cl, Br, CF₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidine, pyrrolidine, azetidine, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, phenyl,

In various embodiments, R² can be bromine,

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In various embodiments, R³ is halo. In various embodiments, R³ is C₁. In some embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₂alkyl. In some embodiments, R³ is methyl. In some embodiments, R³ is C₁₋₂haloalkyl. In various embodiments, R³ is CF₃.

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, R⁴ is

In various embodiments, R⁴ is

In some embodiments, R⁴ is

In some embodiments, R⁴ is

In some embodiments, R⁴ is

In some embodiments, R⁴ is

In some embodiments, R⁴ can be

In various embodiments R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

In various embodiments,

can be

In some embodiments, ring A is

In some embodiments, ring A comprises piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or azetidinyl. In some embodiments, ring A comprises piperidinyl. In various embodiments, ring A can be

In various embodiments, ring A can be

The compounds of formula (I), (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), or (V) as disclosed herein can have one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, L is a bond. In some embodiments, L is C₁₋₂alkylene. In various embodiments, L is O. In some embodiments, L is S. In various embodiments, L is NH. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H or halo. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H, Br, C₁, F, CN, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂Br, CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂OCH₂phenyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, CH₂phenyl, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂OC(O)CH₃, or

In some embodiments, R⁶ is C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-amine, C₀₋₆alkylene-amide, C₀₋₁alkylene C(O)OC₁₋₃alkyl, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl. In various embodiments, R⁶ is C₀₋₆alkylene-amine or C₀₋₃alkylene-amide and is CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF2, CH₂NHCH₂CH₃,

In various embodiments, R⁶ is phenyl, cyclopropyl, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂Cl, CH₂Br, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂Ophenyl, CH₂OH, CO₂H, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂CHF₂, CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂CH₂CCH, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF₂, CH₂NHCH₂CH₃,

In various embodiments, R⁵ and R⁶ together are

In some embodiments, each of R⁵ and R⁶ is H. In some embodiments, R⁷ is H. In some embodiments, R⁷ is methyl. In various embodiments, R⁷ and R⁵ together are —CH₂— or —C(O)CH₂—.

The compounds disclosed herein can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The compounds provided can be formulated into a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Also provided is a method of inhibiting KRAS G12C in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with a compound or composition disclosed herein. Further provided is a method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

Abbreviations: The following abbreviations may be used herein:

AcOH acetic acid aq or aq. Aqueous BOC or Boc tert-butyloxycarbonyl cpme cyclopentyl methyl ether DCE 1,2-dichloroethane DABCO 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane DCM Dichloromethane DMA N,N-Dimethylacetamide DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane DMF N,N-dimethylformamide DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide Dppf, DPPF or dppf 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene eq or eq. or equiv. Equivalent ESI or ES electrospray ionization Et Ethyl Et₂O diethyl ether EtOAc ethyl acetate g Grams h Hour HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography iPr Isopropyl iP_(r)2NEt or DIPEA N-ethyl diisopropylamine (Hünig's base) KHMDS potassium hexamethyldisilazide KOAc potassium acetate Lawesson's reagent 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-dithioxo-1,3,2,4- dithiadiphosphetane, 2,4-Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide LC MS, LCMS, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy LC-MS or LC/MS LG Leaving group (e.g., halogen, mesylate, triflate) LHMDS or lithium hexamethyldisilazide LiHMDS m/z mass divided by charge Me Methyl MeCN Acetonitrile MeOH Methanol Met Metal species for cross-coupling (e.g., MgX, ZnX, SnR₃, SiR₃, B(OR)₂) mg Milligrams min Minutes mL Milliliters MS mass spectra NaHMDS sodium hexamethyldisilazide NBS N-bromosuccinimide n-BuLi n-butyllithium NCS N-chlorosuccinimide NMR nuclear magnetic resonance Pd₂(dba)₃ tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) Pd(dppf)Cl₂•DCM [1,1′- Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium (II), complex with dichloromethane Pd(PPh₃)₄ Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) Ph Phenyl PR or PG or protecting group Prot. group rbf round-bottom flask RP-HPLC reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography RT or rt room temperature sat. or satd. saturated SFC supercritical fluid chromatography SPhos Pd G3 or (2-Dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl) SPhos G3 [2-(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl)]palladium(II) methanesulfonate TBAF tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride TBTU N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-O-(benzotriazol-1- yl)uronium tetrafluoroborate t-BuOH tert-butanol TEA or Et₃N Trimethylamine TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF Tetrahydrofuran UV Ultraviolet

The use of the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated. Recitation of ranges of values herein merely are intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended to better illustrate the invention and is not a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to straight chained and branched C₁-C₈ hydrocarbon groups, including but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, and 2-ethybutyl. The term C_(m-n) means the alkyl group has “in” to “n” carbon atoms. The term “alkylene” refers to an alkyl group having a substituent. An alkyl (e.g., methyl), or alkylene (e.g., —CH₂—), group can be substituted with one or more, and typically one to three, of independently selected, for example, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, nitro, cyano, alkylamino, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, —NC, amino, —CO₂H, —CO₂C₁-C₈alkyl, —OCOC₁-C₈alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₀aryl, and C₅-C₁₀ heteroaryl. The term “haloalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group wherein at least one, e.g., one to six, or all of the hydrogens of the alkyl group are substituted with halo atoms.

The terms “alkenyl” and “alkynyl” indicate an alkyl group that further includes a double bond or a triple bond, respectively.

As used herein, the term “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. The term “alkoxy” is defined as —OR, wherein R is alkyl.

As used herein, the term “amino” or “amine” interchangeably refers to a —NR² group, wherein each R is, e.g., H or a substituent. In some embodiments, the amino group is further substituted to form an ammonium ion, e.g., NR₃ ⁺. Ammonium moieties are specifically included in the definition of “amino” or “amine.” Substituents can be, for example, an alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, amide, or carboxylate. An R group may be further substituted, for example, with one or more, e.g., one to four, groups selected from halo, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, urea, carbonyl, carboxylate, amine, and amide. An “amide” or “amido” group interchangeably refers to a group similar to an amine or amino group but further including a C(O), e.g., —C(O)NR². Some contemplated amino or amido groups (some with optional alkylene groups, e.g., alkylene-amino, or alkylene-amido) include CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂CH₂CCH, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF₂,

As used herein, the term “aryl” refers to a C₆₋₁₄ monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic group, preferably a C₆₋₁₀ monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic group, or C₁₀₋₁₄ polycyclic aromatic group. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl. Aryl also refers to C₁₀₋₁₄ bicyclic and tricyclic carbon rings, where one ring is aromatic and the others are saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl). Unless otherwise indicated, an aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four, groups independently selected from, for example, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, —CF₃, —OCF₃, —NO₂, —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO₂H, —CO₂C₁-C₈alkyl, —OCOC₁-C₈alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₀aryl, and C₅-C₁₀ heteroaryl.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic non-aromatic carbocyclic ring, where the polycyclic ring can be fused, bridged, or spiro. The carbocyclic ring can have 3 to 10 carbon ring atoms. Contemplated carbocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclononyl.

As used herein, the term “heterocycloalkyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic), saturated or partially unsaturated, ring system containing 3 or more (e.g., 3 to 12, 4 to 10, 4 to 8, or 5 to 7) total atoms, of which one to five (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) of the atoms are independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Nonlimiting examples of heterocycloalkyl groups include azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydropyridinyl, oxacycloheptyl, dioxacycloheptyl, thiacycloheptyl, and diazacycloheptyl.

Unless otherwise indicated, a cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four, groups. Some contemplated substituents include halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, —OCF₃, —NO₂, —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO₂H, —C₀₂C₁-C₈alkyl, —OCOC₁-C₈alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₀aryl, and C₅-C₁₀ heteroaryl.

As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system (for example, bicyclic) containing one to three aromatic rings and containing one to four (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in an aromatic ring. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl group has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, from 5 to 10 ring, or from 5 to 7 atoms. Heteroaryl also refers to C₁₀₋₁₄ bicyclic and tricyclic rings, where one ring is aromatic and the others are saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furanyl, imidazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiophenyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furopyridyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazothiazolyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isobenzothienyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolopyridinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyridopyridyl, pyrrolopyridyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quiazolinyl, thiadiazolopyrimidyl, and thienopyridyl. Unless otherwise indicated, a heteroaryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more, and in particular one to four or one or two, substituents. Contemplated substituents include halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, —OCF₃, —NO₂, —CN, —NC, —OH, alkoxy, amino, —CO₂H, —CO₂C₁-C₈alkyl, —OCOC₁-C₈alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl, C₅-C₁₀aryl, and C₅-C₁₀ heteroaryl.

As used herein, the term Boc refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Cbz refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Bn refers to the structure

As used herein, the term trifluoroacetamide refers to the structure

As used herein, the term trityl refers to the structure

As used herein, the term tosyl refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Troc refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Teoc refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Alloc refers to the structure

As used herein, the term Fmoc refers to the structure

Compounds of the Disclosure

Provided herein are KRAS inhibitors having structures of one of Formulas I-V, discussed in more detail below.

The compounds disclosed herein include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopically-labeled compounds wherein one or more atoms of the compounds disclosed herein are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³c ¹⁴C, ¹³N, ¹⁵N, ¹⁵O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O, ³¹P, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, ³⁶Cl, ¹²³I, and ¹²⁵I, respectively. These radiolabelled compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action, or binding affinity to pharmacologically important site of action. Certain isotopically-labeled compounds of the disclosure, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. ³H, and carbon-14, i.e. ¹⁴C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.

Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. ²H, may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence are preferred in some circumstances.

Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹⁵O and ¹³N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeled compounds of structure (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Preparations and Examples as set out below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

Isotopically-labeled compounds as disclosed herein can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and schemes using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

Certain of the compounds as disclosed herein may exist as stereoisomers (i.e., isomers that differ only in the spatial arrangement of atoms) including optical isomers and conformational isomers (or conformers). The compounds disclosed herein include all stereoisomers, both as pure individual stereoisomer preparations and enriched preparations of each, and both the racemic mixtures of such stereoisomers as well as the individual diastereomers and enantiomers that may be separated according to methods that are known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compounds disclosed herein include all tautomeric forms of the compounds.

Certain of the compounds disclosed herein may exist as atropisomers, which are conformational stereoisomers that occur when rotation about a single bond in the molecule is prevented, or greatly slowed, as a result of steric interactions with other parts of the molecule. The compounds disclosed herein include all atropisomers, both as pure individual atropisomer preparations, enriched preparations of each, or a non-specific mixture of each. Where the rotational barrier about the single bond is high enough, and interconversion between conformations is slow enough, separation and isolation of the isomeric species may be permitted.

The disclosure provides a compound having a structure of formula (I)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆alkyleneamide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R⁷ is H or C₁₋₃alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A compound of formula I, can be in the form of formula (I-A), (I-B), (I-C), or (I-D):

The disclosure also provides a compound having a structure of formula (II)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; J is N, NR¹⁰, or CR¹⁰; M is N, NR¹³, or CR¹³;

is a single or double bond as necessary to give every atom its normal valence; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆alkyleneamide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₃alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, O—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkyleneamine; and R¹³ is C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkyleneamine, and C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that (1) when J is NR¹⁰, M is N or CR¹³; (2) when M is NR¹³, J is N or CR¹⁰; (3) when J is CR¹⁰, M is N or NR¹³; and (4) when M is CR¹³, J is N or NR¹⁰.

In various embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is CR¹³. In some embodiments, J is CR¹⁰ and M is NR¹³. In some embodiments, J is CR¹⁰ and M is N. In various embodiments, J is N and M is NR¹³. In some embodiments, J is N and M is CR¹³. Some specifically contemplated R¹³ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, trifluormethyl, CH₂NH₂, and cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, J is NR¹⁰ and M is N. In some embodiments, when Q is C═O and each of E¹ and E² is CR¹, then either (1) R¹⁰ is C₁₋₃alkylenearyl, C₁₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, or halo; or (2) R¹³ is C₁₋₃haloalkyl or C₃₋₅cycloalkyl.

A compound of formula II can be in the form of formula (II-A), (II-B), (II-C), (II-D), (II-E), (II-F), (II-G), (II-H), (II-J), (II-K), (II-L), (II-M), (II-N), (II-0), (II-P), or (II-Q).

The disclosure also provides a compound having a structure of formula (III) or formula (III′):

wherein each R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆alkyleneamide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₃alkyl, or R⁷ and R¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; each of R⁸ and R⁹ independently is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalklyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, O—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

A compound of formula III can be in the form of formula (III-A), (III-B), (III-C), or (III-D):

A compound of formula III′ can be in the form of formula (III-A′), (III-B′), (III-C′), or (III-D′):

The disclosure also provides a compound having a structure of formula (IV) or formula (IV′):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁ 2haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆alkyleneamide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₃alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁸ is C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or NR¹¹R¹²; R¹ and R¹² are each independently H, C₁₋₄alkyl, or C₃₋₅cycloalkyl; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, O—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, E¹ and E² are each CR¹, and R⁸ is hydroxy, halo, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R⁸ is methyl. The compound can have a structure of formula (IV-A), (IV′-A), (IV-B), (IV′-B), (IV-C), (IV′-C), (IV-D), or (IV′-D):

Also provided herein are compounds having a structure of formula (V):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁ 2haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, ALA C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or selected from

R⁵and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆alkyleneamide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₃alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, O—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N—C₁₋₈alkyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkyleneamine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

For compounds of formulas (II), (III), and (III′): In some embodiments, Q is C═O. In some embodiments, Q is C═S. In some embodiments, Q is C═NR^(B). R⁸ can be C₁₋₂alkyl, e.g. methyl.

Q can be CR⁸R⁹ or C═CR⁸R⁹. R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-4 membered ring, e.g., a cyclopropyl ring. In some embodiments, R⁸ is C₁₋₂alkyl (e.g., methyl), and R⁹ is H.

For compounds of formulas (II), (III), (III′), (IV), (IV′), and (V): In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, or aryloxy. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₁₋₃alkyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylenearyl, C₀₋₁alkylenearyl, or phenyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkyleneheteroaryl, or C₀₋₁alkyleneheteroaryl, and the heteoraryl can be, e.g., pyridyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, or C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, and the cycloalkyl can be, e.g., cyclohexyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈heterocycloalkyl or C₀₋₁alkylene-C₃₋₈heterocycloalkyl. In various embodiments, R¹⁰ is C₀₋₆alkyleneamine or C₀₋₃alkyleneamine or amine. Some specifically contemplated R¹⁰ include i-Pr, t-Bu, phenyl, benzyl, OCH₃, C₁, cyclopropyl,

cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,

R¹⁰ can comprise an ortho-substituted aryl, ortho-substituted heteroaryl, or 2-substituted cyclohexyl, such as, for example,

For all Compounds:

R¹ can be a small moiety. For example, R¹ can be H, C₁₋₂alkyl (e.g., methyl), C₁₋₂haloalkyl (e.g., CF₃), or halo (e.g., F). Some specifically contemplated R¹ include H, F, Me, C₁, and CF₃.

R² can be C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, C₀₋₁alkylenearyl (e.g., aryl), or C₀₋₁alkyleneheteroaryl (e.g., heteroaryl). Some specifically contemplated R² groups include phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indazolyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indolinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, cinnolinyl, imidazopyridyl, pyrazolopyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, indolinonyl, isoindolinonyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, or tetrahydroisoquinolinyl. Some other specific R² include Cl, Br, CF₃, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidine, pyrrolidine, azetidine, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, phenyl,

In some embodiments, R² is

R³ can be halo (e.g., C₁), C₁₋₂alkyl (e.g., methyl), or C₁₋₂haloalkyl (e.g., CF₃). Some specifically contemplated R³ include C₁, Me, CF₃, OMe, Et, C═CH₂, and cyclopropyl.

L can be a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH. For example, L can be —CH₂—NH— when a carbon on a C₂ alkylene group is replaced with NH, or —O—CH₂CH₂—O—, when a carbon on a O—C₃alkylene group is replaced with a O. Other options with substitution of C₃, C₄, C₅, or C₆ alkylene with O, S, or NH are specifically contemplated. In some embodiments, L is C₁₋₂alkylene, O, S, or NH. In some embodiments, L is a bond.

Ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring. Some specifically contemplated rings include cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, azepanyl, imidazolidinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, hexahydropyridazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiofuranyl, azetidinyl, spiroheptyl, spirooctyl, spirononyl, spirodecyl, diazabicyclodecyl, diazabicyclononyl, diazabicyclooctyl, diazabicycloheptyl, hexahydropyrrolopyridyl, octahydropyrrolopyridyl, and octahydropyrrolopyrimidinyl. In various embodiments, ring A can comprise piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or azetidinyl. In some embodiments, ring A comprises piperidinyl. Ring A can be further substituted with one to three substituents. Some non-limiting examples of substitutions on ring A include one to three substituents selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxylic acid or ester, haloalkyl, alkylamine, C(O)NH₂, oxo, halo, cyano, and isocyano.

When R⁴ is

ring A can be, for example,

More specifically, when R⁴ is

ring A can be, for example,

When R⁴ is

it can more specifically be

In such embodiments, ring A can be, for example,

R⁵ and R⁶ are substituents on the acrylamide moiety of the KRAS inhibitors disclosed herein. In some embodiments, each of R⁵ and R⁶ is H. Some specifically contemplated R⁵ substituents include H, Br, C₁, F, CN, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂Br, CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂OCH₂phenyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, CH₂phenyl, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂OC(O)CH₃, or

Some specifically contemplated R⁶ substituents include phenyl, cyclopropyl, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂Cl, CH₂Br, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂Ophenyl, CH₂OH, CO₂H, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂CHF₂, CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂CH₂CCH, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF₂, CH₂NHCH₂CH₃,

R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, can form a 4-6 membered ring, e.g., a 5- or 6-membered ring. Such rings include R⁵ and R⁶ together being

In most embodiments, R⁷ is H. However, in some embodiments, R⁷ is methyl. In other embodiments, R⁷ and R⁵ together are —CH₂— or —C(O)CH₂—.

Some specifically contemplated options for the moiety

include

Some specifically contemplated R⁴ substituents include

Some specifically contemplated R⁴ substituents can include

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having a structure selected from:

These compounds can be used as intermediates in the process of making compounds in the present application. These compounds can be in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and in a pharmaceutical formulation with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The following examples are labeled using a classification system in which the first number refers to the method used to synthesize the compound, the second number is an identifying number, and the third number, if present, refers to the compound's order of elution in a chromatographic separation process. If third number is absent, the compound is a single compound or mixture of isomers. The sequential numbering of the Examples is interrupted and certain Example numbers are intentionally omitted due to formatting considerations. The “-” denotes that no changes were made, or no entries are in the relevant box. Specifically contemplated compounds include those as listed in Table 1:

TABLE 1 Ex.# Chemical Structure Ex.# Chemical Structure Ex.# Chemical Structure 1-1

1-6

1-11

1-2

1-7

1-12

1-3

1-8

1-13

1-4

1-9

1-14

1-5

1-10

1-15

1-16

1-19-2

2-7

1-17

1-20

2-8

1-18

1-21

2-9

1-19

1-22

2-10

1-19-1

1-23

1-28

2-2

2-5-2

3-1-1

2-3

2-6

3-1-2

2-4

2-6-1

3-2

2-5

2-6-2

3-3

2-5-1

3-1

3-4

3-5

3-10

3-15

3-6

3-11

3-16

3-7

3-12

3-17

3-8

3-13

3-18

3-9

3-14

3-19

3-20

3-25

4-5

3-21

4-1

4-6

3-22

4-2

4-7

3-23

4-3

4-8

3-24

4-4

4-9

5-1

5-6

6-2

5-2

5-7

7-1

5-3

5-8

7-2

5-4

5-9

7-3

5-5

6-1

8-1

8-1-1

8-3-2

8-6-2

8-1-2

8-4

9-1

8-2

8-5

9-2

8-3

8-6

9-3

8-3-1

8-6-1

9-4

9-5

9-10

10-1

9-6

9-11

10-2

9-7-2

9-12

10-3

9-7-1

9-13

10-4

9-9

9-14

10-5

10-6

10-11

11-2-1

10-7

10-12

11-2-2

10-8

10-13

12

10-9

11-1-1

13

10-10

11-1-2

14

15

18-2

20

16

18-3

21

17-1

19-1

22

17-2

19-2

23

18-1

19-3

24

25

30

35

26

31

36

27

32

37

28

33

38

29

34

NA NA 1-1

1-6

1-11

1-2

1-7

1-12

1-3

1-8

1-13

1-4

1-9

1-14

1-5

1-10

1-15

1-16

1-19-2

2-7

1-17

1-20

2-8

1-18

1-21

2-9

1-19

1-22

2-10

1-19-1

1-23

1-28

2-1

2-5-2

3-1-1

2-2

2-6

3-1-2

2-3

2-6-1

3-2

2-4

2-6-2

3-3

2-5

3-1

3-4

2-5-1

3-10

3-15

3-5

3-11

3-16

3-6

3-12

3-17

3-7

3-13

3-18

3-8

3-14

3-19

3-9

3-25

4-5

3-20

4-1

4-6

3-21

4-2

4-7

3-22

4-3

4-8

3-23

4-4

4-9

3-24

5-6

6-2

5-1

5-7

7-1

5-2

5-8

7-2

5-3

5-9

7-3

5-4

6-1

8-1

5-5

8-3-2

8-6-2

8-1-1

8-4

9-1

8-1-2

8-5

9-2

8-2

8-6

9-3

8-3

8-6-1

9-4

8-3-1

9-10

10-1

9-5

9-11

10-2

9-6

9-12

10-3

9-7-2

9-13

10-4

9-7-1

9-14

10-5

9-9

10-11

11-2-1

10-6

10-12

11-2-2

10-7

10-13

12

10-8

11-1-1

13

10-9

11-1-2

14

10-10

18-2

20

15

18-3

21

16

19-1

22

17-1

19-2

23

17-2

19-3

24

18-1

30

35

25

31

36

26

32

37

27

33

38

28

34

— — 29

— — — —

Synthesis of Disclosed Compounds

Compounds as disclosed herein can be synthesized via a number of specific methods. The examples which outline specific synthetic routes, and the generic schemes below are meant to provide guidance to the ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist, who will readily appreciate that the solvent, concentration, reagent, protecting group, order of synthetic steps, time, temperature, and the like can be modified as necessary, well within the skill and judgment of the ordinarily skilled artisan.

Method 1 synthesis: A compound of Formula (I) as disclosed herein can be synthesized as outlined in Method 1. An appropriate aromatic or heteroaromatic acid is reacted with a halogenating agent in Step 1 to form a halogenated aromatic or heteroaromatic acid. The acid is then reacted with an amidating agent in Step 2 to form an amide intermediate. The amide intermediate is then reacted with a sulfurizing agent in Step 3 to form a thioamide intermediate. Next, the thioamide intermediate is reacted with an oxidant in Step 4 to form the thiazole ring as shown. The amine of the thiazole is then converted to a leaving group in Step 5 using an activating agent. The leaving group is then replaced with an R⁴ protected group, as shown in Step 6. The R² moiety is then introduced in Step 7 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent with the X halide on the thiazole intermediate. Then, in Step 8, the R⁴ group is deprotected under appropriate conditions, depending upon the protecting group used, the R⁴ group is then acylated to introduce the acrylamide moiety as shown, and lastly, R² is deprotected. Appropriate protecting groups and deprotection reagents are known to those skilled in the art, e.g., as discussed in Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis.

Contemplated halogenating agents include, but are not limited to, chlorine, bromine, N-chlorosuccinimide, and N-bromosuccinimide, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, e.g., iron or aluminum. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other halogenating agents and catalysts can be used.

Contemplated amidating agents include, but are not limited to, N, N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide, benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate, O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, thionyl chloride, isobutyl chloroformate, diethyl cyanophosphonate, carbonyl diimidazole, and polyphosphonic anhydride. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other amidating agents can be used.

Contemplated sulfurizing agents include, but are not limited to, sulfur, phosphorus pentasulfide, and Lawesson's reagent. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other sulfurizing agents can be used.

Contemplated oxidants include, but are not limited to, hydrogen peroxide, iodobenzene diacetate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, N-bromosuccinimide, and ammonium peroxodisulfate. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other oxidants can be used.

Contemplated activating agents include, but are not limited to, sodium nitrite and t-butyl nitrite. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other activating agents can be used.

Contemplated cross-coupling reactions include, but are not limited to, Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, Hiyama coupling, Kumada coupling, and Stille coupling. The ordinarily skilled chemist will readily understand that couplings as shown in Method 1 can be performed under a number of conditions.

Method 2 synthesis: Method 2 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. After halogenation in Step 1, the R⁴ protected group is introduced by reaction with the acid in a coupling reaction in Step 2. The oxo group is transformed to a sulfur using a sulfurizing agent in Step 3. Then the thiazole ring is formed in the presence of an oxidant in Step 4. The remaining steps 5-8 are analogous to steps 7 and 8 in Method 1 described above.

Method 3 synthesis: Method 3 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. The R⁴ group of the isothiazole intermediate is deprotected and acylated in Step 1 to introduce the acrylamide moiety. The R² moiety is then introduced in Step 2 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent with the X halide on the isothiazole intermediate. Lastly, the R² group is deprotected in Step 3.

Method 4 synthesis: Method 4 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. After substituting a leaving group on an isothiazole intermediate with a protected R⁴ group, as depicted in Step 1, the R⁴ group intermediate is deprotected and acylated in Step 2 to introduce the acrylamide moiety. The R² moiety is introduced by a cross-coupling reaction in Step 3, as in Method 1, and the R² group is deprotected in Step 4.

Method 5 synthesis: Method 5 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. In this alternative, the R² moiety is first introduced by a cross-coupling with the X halide on the aromatic or heteroaromatic amide intermediate shown in Step 1. The amide intermediate is then reacted with a sulfurizing agent in Step 2 to form a thioamide intermediate. Oxidation of this intermediate provides the isothiazole ring in Step 3. The amine group is then converted to a leaving group in Step 4 and subsequently substituted with a protected R⁴ group in Step 5. Finally, in Step 6, the R⁴ group is deprotected and reacted with an acylating agent, and then the R² group is deprotected.

Method 6 synthesis: Method 6 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. In this alternative, an isothiazole intermediate is reacted with a metalating agent to activate the X halide. The R² group is then introduced by reacting the activated intermediate with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent. In the last step, the R⁴ group is deprotected and acylated to introduce the acrylamide moiety.

Contemplated metalating agents include, but are not limited to, bis(pinacolato)diboron, magnesium, zinc, hexamethyldistannane, and n-butyllithium. The ordinarily skilled synthetic chemist will readily understand that other metalating agents and catalysts can be used.

Method 7 synthesis: Method 7 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (I) as disclosed herein. The R² moiety is first introduced by a cross-coupling with the X halide on the aromatic or heteroaromatic acid intermediate shown in Step 1. The acid moiety is then reacted with the appropriate R⁴ (protected) reagent in the presence of an amidating agent in Step 2. The carbonyl group of the acid derivative is then converted to a thiocarbonyl group in Step 3 using a sulfurizing agent. The thioacid derivative is then reacted with an oxidant to form the isothiazole intermediate in Step 4. Lastly, the R⁴ group is deprotected and acylated to introduce the acrylamide moiety, and the R² group is deprotected.

Method 8 synthesis: A compound of Formula (II) as disclosed herein can be synthesized as outlined in Method 8. An appropriate aromatic or heteroaromatic acid is reacted with an amidating agent in Step 1 to form a primary amide intermediate. The amide is then reacted with an isocyanate-forming reagent and a R¹⁰-substituted amine to form a urea intermediate. Contemplated isocyanate-forming agents include oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, and phosphorus oxychloride. The urea intermediate is then reacted with a cyclization agent in Step 3 to form the quinazolinedione ring shown. Contemplated cyclization agents include, but are not limited to, bases such as potassium hexamethyldisilazide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydride, and phosphazene bases. The R² moiety is then introduced in Step 4 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent with the X halide on the quinazolinedione intermediate. An oxo group of the quinazolinedione is then converted to a leaving group in Step 5 using an activating agent. Contemplated activating agents include, but are not limited to, thionyl chloride, triflic anhydride, phosphorus oxychloride, and phosphorus pentachloride. The leaving group is then replaced with an R⁴ protected group to form a substituted quinazolinone, as shown in Step 6. The remaining deprotection-acylation-deprotection sequence shown in Steps 7-9 are analogous to Step 8 in Method 1.

Method 9 synthesis: Method 9 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (II) as disclosed herein. An oxo group of the quinazolinedione is converted to a leaving group in Step 1. Step 2 involves the introduction of the R⁴ (protected) group, deprotection of the R⁴ group, and acylation of the free R⁴ group. The R² group is introduced in Step 3 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent with the X halide on the quinazolinedione intermediate. Finally, the R² group is deprotected.

Method 10 synthesis: A compound of Formula (V) as disclosed herein can be synthesized as outlined in Method 10. The appropriate anhydride is reacted with hydrazine to form the phthalazinedione ring as shown in Step 1. The R² moiety is introduced in Step 2 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² reagent with the X halide on the quinazolinedione intermediate. The R² group is then protected in Step 3. The phthalazinedione ring is halogenated twice. Contemplated halogenating agent include thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, and oxalyl chloride. One of the halogen groups is then replaced with an R⁴ protected group to form a substituted phthalazine ring, as shown in Step 5. Then, in Steps 6 and 7, the R⁴ group is deprotected under appropriate conditions, depending upon the protecting group used, and the free R⁴ group is then acylated to introduce the acrylamide moiety. The R² is deprotected in Step 8. Lastly, the R¹⁰ moiety is introduced in Step 9 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R¹⁰ reagent with the X halide on the phthalazine intermediate.

Method 11 synthesis: Method 11 provides an alternative method for formation of compounds of Formula (II) as disclosed herein. An oxo group of the quinazolinedione is converted to a leaving group in Step 1. The R⁴ (protected) group is introduced in Step 2. The R² group is introduced in Step 3 by a cross-coupling reaction with the appropriate R² (protected) reagent with the X halide on the quinazolinedione intermediate. Lastly, the R⁴ group is deprotected and subsequently acylated in Steps 4 and 5.

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Dosing, and Routes of Administration

Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions that includes a compound as disclosed herein, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, such as, for example, a diluent or carrier. Compounds and pharmaceutical compositions suitable for use in the present invention include those wherein the compound can be administered in an effective amount to achieve its intended purpose. Administration of the compound described in more detail below.

Suitable pharmaceutical formulations can be determined by the skilled artisan depending on the route of administration and the desired dosage. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1435-712 (18th ed., Mack Publishing Co, Easton, Pa., 1990). Formulations may influence the physical state, stability, rate of in vivo release and rate of in vivo clearance of the administered agents. Depending on the route of administration, a suitable dose may be calculated according to body weight, body surface areas or organ size. Further refinement of the calculations necessary to determine the appropriate treatment dose is routinely made by those of ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation, especially in light of the dosage information and assays disclosed herein as well as the pharmacokinetic data obtainable through animal or human clinical trials.

The phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” or “pharmacologically acceptable” refer to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce adverse, allergic, or other untoward reactions when administered to an animal or a human. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable excipients” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents and the like. The use of such excipients for pharmaceutically active substances is well known in the art. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the therapeutic compositions, its use in therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active ingredients also can be incorporated into the compositions. In exemplary embodiments, the formulation may comprise corn syrup solids, high-oleic safflower oil, coconut oil, soy oil, L-leucine, calcium phosphate tribasic, L-tyrosine, L-proline, L-lysine acetate, DATEM (an emulsifier), L-glutamine, L-valine, potassium phosphate dibasic, L-isoleucine, L-arginine, L-alanine, glycine, L-asparagine monohydrate, L-serine, potassium citrate, L-threonine, sodium citrate, magnesium chloride, L-histidine, L-methionine, ascorbic acid, calcium carbonate, L-glutamic acid, L-cystine dihydrochloride, L-tryptophan, L-aspartic acid, choline chloride, taurine, m-inositol, ferrous sulfate, ascorbyl palmitate, zinc sulfate, L-camitine, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, sodium chloride, niacinamide, mixed tocopherols, calcium pantothenate, cupric sulfate, thiamine chloride hydrochloride, vitamin A palmitate, manganese sulfate, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, beta-carotene, potassium iodide, phylloquinone, biotin, sodium selenate, chromium chloride, sodium molybdate, vitamin D3 and cyanocobalamin.

The compound can be present in a pharmaceutical composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” include, for example base addition salts and acid addition salts.

Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts may be formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds may also be prepared with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternary ammonium cations. Carbonates or hydrogen carbonates are also possible. Examples of metals used as cations are sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, calcium, or ferric, and the like. Examples of suitable amines include isopropylamine, trimethylamine, histidine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, and procaine.

Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include inorganic or organic acid salts. Examples of suitable acid salts include the hydrochlorides, formates, acetates, citrates, salicylates, nitrates, phosphates. Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, formic, acetic, citric, oxalic, tartaric, or mandelic acids, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid; with organic carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfo or phospho acids or N-substituted sulfamic acids, for example acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), propionic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, hydroxymaleic acid, methylmaleic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, gluconic acid, glucaric acid, glucuronic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid, embonic acid, nicotinic acid or isonicotinic acid; and with amino acids, such as the 20 alpha amino acids involved in the synthesis of proteins in nature, for example glutamic acid or aspartic acid, and also with phenylacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, ethane 1,2-disulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, naphthalene 2-sulfonic acid, naphthalene 1,5-disulfonic acid, 2- or 3-phosphoglycerate, glucose 6-phosphate, N-cyclohexylsulfamic acid (with the formation of cyclamates), or with other acid organic compounds, such as ascorbic acid.

Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds disclosed herein can be manufactured in a conventional manner, e.g., by conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.

For oral administration, suitable compositions can be formulated readily by combining a compound disclosed herein with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as carriers well known in the art. Such excipients and carriers enable the present compounds to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated. Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by adding a compound as disclosed herein with a solid excipient, optionally grinding a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers and cellulose preparations. If desired, disintegrating agents can be added. Pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients are well known for the various types of formulation and may be for example binders (e.g., natural or synthetic polymers), lubricants, surfactants, sweetening and flavoring agents, coating materials, preservatives, dyes, thickeners, adjuvants, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and carriers for the various formulation types.

When a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein is administered orally, the composition typically is in the form of a solid (e.g., tablet, capsule, pill, powder, or troche) or a liquid formulation (e.g., aqueous suspension, solution, elixir, or syrup).

When administered in tablet form, the composition can additionally contain a functional solid and/or solid carrier, such as a gelatin or an adjuvant. The tablet, capsule, and powder can contain about 1 to about 95% compound, and preferably from about 15 to about 90% compound.

When administered in liquid or suspension form, a functional liquid and/or a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, or oils of animal or plant origin can be added. The liquid form of the composition can further contain physiological saline solution, sugar alcohol solutions, dextrose or other saccharide solutions, or glycols. When administered in liquid or suspension form, the composition can contain about 0.5 to about 90% by weight of a compound disclosed herein, and preferably about 1 to about 50% of a compound disclosed herein. In one embodiment contemplated, the liquid carrier is non-aqueous or substantially non-aqueous. For administration in liquid form, the composition may be supplied as a rapidly-dissolving solid formulation for dissolution or suspension immediately prior to administration.

When a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein is administered by intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection, the composition is in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution. The preparation of such parenterally acceptable solutions, having due regard to pH, isotonicity, stability, and the like, is within the skill in the art. A preferred composition for intravenous, cutaneous, or subcutaneous injection typically contains, in addition to a compound disclosed herein, an isotonic vehicle. Such compositions may be prepared for administration as solutions of free base or pharmacologically acceptable salts in water suitably mixed with a surfactant, such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions also can be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations can optionally contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.

Injectable compositions can include sterile aqueous solutions, suspensions, or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions, suspensions, or dispersions. In all embodiments the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must resist the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, by optional inclusion of a preservative. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils. In one embodiment contemplated, the carrier is non-aqueous or substantially non-aqueous. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size of the compound in the embodiment of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. The prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many embodiments, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by the use in the compositions of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the active compounds in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the various sterilized active ingredients into a sterile vehicle which contains the basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the embodiment of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum-drying and freeze-drying techniques which yield a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.

Slow release or sustained release formulations may also be prepared in order to achieve a controlled release of the active compound in contact with the body fluids in the GI tract, and to provide a substantially constant and effective level of the active compound in the blood plasma. For example, release can be controlled by one or more of dissolution, diffusion, and ion-exchange. In addition, the slow release approach may enhance absorption via saturable or limiting pathways within the GI tract. For example, the compound may be embedded for this purpose in a polymer matrix of a biological degradable polymer, a water-soluble polymer or a mixture of both, and optionally suitable surfactants. Embedding can mean in this context the incorporation of micro-particles in a matrix of polymers. Controlled release formulations are also obtained through encapsulation of dispersed micro-particles or emulsified micro-droplets via known dispersion or emulsion coating technologies.

For administration by inhalation, compounds of the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant. In the embodiment of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit can be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of, e.g., gelatin, for use in an inhaler or insufflator can be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.

The compounds disclosed herein can be formulated for parenteral administration by injection (e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion). Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form (e.g., in ampules or in multidose containers), with an added preservative. The compositions can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing, and/or dispersing agents.

Pharmaceutical formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the compounds in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of the compounds can be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils or synthetic fatty acid esters. Aqueous injection suspensions can contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension. Optionally, the suspension also can contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds and allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions. Alternatively, a present composition can be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle (e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water) before use.

Compounds disclosed herein also can be formulated in rectal compositions, such as suppositories or retention enemas (e.g., containing conventional suppository bases). In addition to the formulations described previously, the compounds also can be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long-acting formulations can be administered by implantation (e.g., subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the compounds can be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example, as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.

In particular, a compound disclosed herein can be administered orally, buccally, or sublingually in the form of tablets containing excipients, such as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules, either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents. Such liquid preparations can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable additives, such as suspending agents. A compound also can be injected parenterally, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intracoronarily. For parenteral administration, the compound is best used in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which can contain other substances, for example, salts, or sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, or glucose, to make the solution isotonic with blood.

For veterinary use, a compound disclosed herein is administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice. The veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.

In some embodiments, all the necessary components for the treatment of KRAS-related disorder using a compound as disclosed herein either alone or in combination with another agent or intervention traditionally used for the treatment of such disease may be packaged into a kit. Specifically, the present invention provides a kit for use in the therapeutic intervention of the disease comprising a packaged set of medicaments that include the compound disclosed herein as well as buffers and other components for preparing deliverable forms of said medicaments, and/or devices for delivering such medicaments, and/or any agents that are used in combination therapy with the compound disclosed herein, and/or instructions for the treatment of the disease packaged with the medicaments. The instructions may be fixed in any tangible medium, such as printed paper, or a computer readable magnetic or optical medium, or instructions to reference a remote computer data source such as a world wide web page accessible via the internet.

A “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount effective to treat or to prevent development of, or to alleviate the existing symptoms of, the subject being treated. Determination of the effective amounts is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein. Generally, a “therapeutically effective dose” refers to that amount of the compound that results in achieving the desired effect. For example, in one preferred embodiment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound disclosed herein decreases KRAS activity by at least 5%, compared to control, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, or at least 90%.

The amount of compound administered can be dependent on the subject being treated, on the subject's age, health, sex, and weight, the kind of concurrent treatment (if any), severity of the affliction, the nature of the effect desired, the manner and frequency of treatment, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. The frequency of dosing also can be dependent on pharmacodynamic effects on arterial oxygen pressures. However, the most preferred dosage can be tailored to the individual subject, as is understood and determinable by one of skill in the art, without undue experimentation. This typically involves adjustment of a standard dose (e.g., reduction of the dose if the patient has a low body weight).

While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of the compound is within the skill of the art. For administration to a human in the curative or prophylactic treatment of the conditions and disorders identified herein, for example, typical dosages of the compounds of the present invention can be about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, for example at least 0.05 mg/kg, at least 0.08 mg/kg, at least 0.1 mg/kg, at least 0.2 mg/kg, at least 0.3 mg/kg, at least 0.4 mg/kg, or at least 0.5 mg/kg, and preferably 50 mg/kg or less, 40 mg/kg or less, 30 mg/kg or less, 20 mg/kg or less, or 10 mg/kg or less, which can be about 2.5 mg/day (0.5 mg/kg×5 kg) to about 5000 mg/day (50 mg/kg×100 kg), for example. For example, dosages of the compounds can be about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.07 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.09 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 0.05 mg/kg/day to about 0.1 mg/kg/day, about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 10 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day, about 1 mg/kg/day to about 3 mg/kg/day, about 3 mg/day to about 500 mg/day, about 5 mg/day to about 250 mg/day, about 10 mg/day to about 100 mg/day, about 3 mg/day to about 10 mg/day, or about 100 mg/day to about 250 mg/day. Such doses may be administered in a single dose or it may be divided into multiple doses.

Methods of Using KRAS G12C Inhibitors

The present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting RAS-mediated cell signaling comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds disclosed herein. Inhibition of RAS-mediated signal transduction can be assessed and demonstrated by a wide variety of ways known in the art. Non-limiting examples include a showing of (a) a decrease in GTPase activity of RAS; (b) a decrease in GTP binding affinity or an increase in GDP binding affinity; (c) an increase in K off of GTP or a decrease in K off of GDP; (d) a decrease in the levels of signaling transduction molecules downstream in the RAS pathway, such as a decrease in pMEK, pERK, or pAKT levels; and/or (e) a decrease in binding of RAS complex to downstream signaling molecules including but not limited to Raf. Kits and commercially available assays can be utilized for determining one or more of the above.

The disclosure also provides methods of using the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure to treat disease conditions, including but not limited to conditions implicated by G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation (e.g., cancer).

In some embodiments, a method for treatment of cancer is provided, the method comprising administering an effective amount of any of the foregoing pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer is mediated by a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation. In various embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer or lung cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is gall bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, and bile duct cancer.

In some embodiments the disclosure provides method of treating a disorder in a subject in need thereof, wherein the said method comprises determining if the subject has a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation and if the subject is determined to have the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation, then administering to the subject a therapeutically effective dose of at least one compound as disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The disclosed compounds inhibit anchorage-independent cell growth and therefore have the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis. Accordingly, another embodiment the disclosure provides a method for inhibiting tumor metastasis, the method comprising administering an effective amount a compound disclosed herein.

KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutations have also been identified in hematological malignancies (e.g., cancers that affect blood, bone marrow and/or lymph nodes). Accordingly, certain embodiments are directed to administration of a disclosed compounds (e.g., in the form of a pharmaceutical composition) to a patient in need of treatment of a hematological malignancy. Such malignancies include, but are not limited to leukemias and lymphomas. For example, the presently disclosed compounds can be used for treatment of diseases such as Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and/or other leukemias. In other embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatment of lymphomas such as all subtypes of Hodgkins lymphoma or non-Hodgkins lymphoma. In various embodiments, the compounds are useful for treatment of plasma cell malignancies such as multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's macroglubunemia.

Determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation can be undertaken by assessing the nucleotide sequence encoding the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, by assessing the amino acid sequence of the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein, or by assessing the characteristics of a putative KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant protein. The sequence of wild-type human KRAS, HRAS or NRAS is known in the art, (e.g. Accession No. NP203524).

Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS nucleotide sequence are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assays, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assays, real-time PCR assays, PCR sequencing, mutant allele-specific PCR amplification (MASA) assays, direct sequencing, primer extension reactions, electrophoresis, oligonucleotide ligation assays, hybridization assays, TaqMan assays, SNP genotyping assays, high resolution melting assays and microarray analyses. In some embodiments, samples are evaluated for G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutations by real-time PCR. In real-time PCR, fluorescent probes specific for the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation are used. When a mutation is present, the probe binds and fluorescence is detected. In some embodiments, the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C mutation is identified using a direct sequencing method of specific regions (e.g., exon 2 and/or exon 3) in the KRAS, HRAS or NRAS gene. This technique will identify all possible mutations in the region sequenced.

Methods for detecting a mutation in a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein are known by those of skill in the art. These methods include, but are not limited to, detection of a KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutant using a binding agent (e.g., an antibody) specific for the mutant protein, protein electrophoresis and Western blotting, and direct peptide sequencing.

Methods for determining whether a tumor or cancer comprises a G12C KRAS, HRAS or NRAS mutation can use a variety of samples. In some embodiments, the sample is taken from a subject having a tumor or cancer. In some embodiments, the sample is a fresh tumor/cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a frozen tumor/cancer sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sample. In some embodiments, the sample is a circulating tumor cell (CTC) sample. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to a cell lysate. In some embodiments, the sample is processed to DNA or RNA.

The disclosure also relates to a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal that comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as disclosed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of a subject who suffers from a cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, cancer in adolescents, adrenocortical carcinoma childhood, AIDS-related cancers (e.g. Lymphoma and Kaposi's Sarcoma), anal cancer, appendix cancer, astrocytomas, atypical teratoid, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain stem glioma, brain tumor, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, atypical teratoid, embryonal tumors, germ cell tumor, primary lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood cancers, chordoma, cardiac tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic myleoproliferative disorders, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, extrahepatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), embryonal tumors, CNS cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, eye cancer, fibrous histiocytoma of bone, gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), germ cell tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, liver cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, hypopharyngeal cancer, intraocular melanoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, liver cancer, lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), lung cancer, lymphoma, metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary, midline tract carcinoma, mouth cancer multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, transitional cell cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, stomach (gastric) cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, T-Cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thymoma and thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, trophoblastic tumor, unusual cancers of childhood, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, or viral-induced cancer. In some embodiments, said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e. g., psoriasis), restenosis, or prostate (e. g., benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)).

In some embodiments, the methods for treatment are directed to treating lung cancers, the methods comprise administering an effective amount of any of the above described compound (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same) to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments the lung cancer is a non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), for example adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell lung carcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma. In some embodiments, the lung cancer is a small cell lung carcinoma. Other lung cancers treatable with the disclosed compounds include, but are not limited to, glandular tumors, carcinoid tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas.

The disclosure further provides methods of modulating a G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting the protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure. Modulation can be inhibiting or activating protein activity. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity by contacting the G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein with an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure in solution. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the G12C Mutant KRAS, HRAS or NRAS protein activity by contacting a cell, tissue, or organ that expresses the protein of interest. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting protein activity in subject including but not limited to rodents and mammal (e.g., human) by administering into the subject an effective amount of a compound of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the percentage modulation exceeds 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. In some embodiments, the percentage of inhibiting exceeds 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a cell by contacting said cell with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said cell. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a tissue by contacting said tissue with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said tissue. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in an organism by contacting said organism with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said organism. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in an animal by contacting said animal with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said animal. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a mammal by contacting said mammal with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said mammal. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides methods of inhibiting KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a human by contacting said human with an amount of a compound of the disclosure sufficient to inhibit the activity of KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C in said human. The present disclosure provides methods of treating a disease mediated by KRAS, HRAS or NRAS G12C activity in a subject in need of such treatment.

Combination Therapy:

The present disclosure also provides methods for combination therapies in which an agent known to modulate other pathways, or other components of the same pathway, or even overlapping sets of target enzymes are used in combination with a compound of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In one aspect, such therapy includes but is not limited to the combination of one or more compounds of the disclosure with chemotherapeutic agents, therapeutic antibodies, and radiation treatment, to provide a synergistic or additive therapeutic effect.

Many chemotherapeutics are presently known in the art and can be used in combination with the compounds of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the chemotherapeutic is selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, angiogenesis inhibitors, and anti-androgens. Non-limiting examples are chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents, and non-peptide small molecules such as Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate), Kyprolis® (carfilzomib), Velcade® (bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa® (gefitinib), and Adriamycin as well as a host of chemotherapeutic agents. Non-limiting examples of chemotherapeutic agents include alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXAN™); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, ranimustine; antibiotics such as aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, calicheamicin, carabicin, carminomycin, carzinophilin, Casodex™, chromomycins, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonigrin, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine; pyrimidine analogs such as ancitabine, azacitidine, 6-azauridine, carmofur, cytarabine, dideoxyuridine, doxifluridine, enocitabine, floxuridine, androgens such as calusterone, dromostanolone propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone; anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane; folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; amsacrine; bestrabucil; bisantrene; edatraxate; defofamine; demecolcine; diaziquone; elfomithine; elliptinium acetate; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidamine; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidamol; nitracrine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; podophyllinic acid; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK; razoxane; sizofiran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2,2′,2″-trichlorotriethylamine; urethan; vindesine; dacarbazine; mannomustine; mitobronitol; mitolactol; pipobroman; gacytosine; arabinoside (“Ara-C”); cyclophosphamide; thiotepa; taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel; retinoic acid; esperamicins; capecitabine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids or derivatives of any of the above.

Also included as suitable chemotherapeutic cell conditioners are anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen, (Nolvadex™), raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and toremifene (Fareston); and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine; novantrone; teniposide; daunomycin; aminopterin; xeloda; ibandronate; camptothecin-11 (CPT-11); topoisomerase inhibitor RFS 2000; difluoromethylomithine (DMFO).

Where desired, the compounds or pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure can be used in combination with commonly prescribed anti-cancer drugs such as Herceptin®, Avastin®, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxotere®, ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovomab, Acridine carboxamide, Adecatumumab, 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, Alpharadin, Alvocidib, 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Amonafide, Anthracenedione, Anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic, Antitumorigenic herbs, Apaziquone, Atiprimod, Azathioprine, Belotecan, Bendamustine, BIBW 2992, Biricodar, Brostallicin, Bryostatin, Buthionine sulfoximine, CBV (chemotherapy), Calyculin, cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents, Dichloroacetic acid, Discodermolide, Elsamitrucin, Enocitabine, Epothilone, Eribulin, Everolimus, Exatecan, Exisulind, Ferruginol, Forodesine, Fosfestrol, ICE chemotherapy regimen, IT-101, Imexon, Imiquimod, Indolocarbazole, Irofulven, Laniquidar, Larotaxel, Lenalidomide, Lucanthone, Lurtotecan, Mafosfamide, Mitozolomide, Nafoxidine, Nedaplatin, Olaparib, Ortataxel, PAC-1, Pawpaw, Pixantrone, Proteasome inhibitor, Rebeccamycin, Resiquimod, Rubitecan, SN-38, Salinosporamide A, Sapacitabine, Stanford V, Swainsonine, Talaporfin, Tariquidar, Tegafur-uracil, Temodar, Tesetaxel, Triplatin tetranitrate, Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, Troxacitabine, Uramustine, Vadimezan, Vinflunine, ZD6126 or Zosuquidar.

This disclosure further relates to a method for using the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions provided herein, in combination with radiation therapy for inhibiting abnormal cell growth or treating the hyperproliferative disorder in the mammal. Techniques for administering radiation therapy are known in the art, and these techniques can be used in the combination therapy described herein. The administration of the compound of the disclosure in this combination therapy can be determined as described herein.

Radiation therapy can be administered through one of several methods, or a combination of methods, including without limitation external-beam therapy, internal radiation therapy, implant radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, systemic radiation therapy, radiotherapy and permanent or temporary interstitial brachytherapy. The term “brachytherapy,” as used herein, refers to radiation therapy delivered by a spatially confined radioactive material inserted into the body at or near a tumor or other proliferative tissue disease site. The term is intended without limitation to include exposure to radioactive isotopes (e.g. At-211, I-131, I-125, Y-90, Re-186, Re-188, Sm-153, Bi-212, P-32, and radioactive isotopes of Lu). Suitable radiation sources for use as a cell conditioner of the present disclosure include both solids and liquids. By way of non-limiting example, the radiation source can be a radionuclide, such as 1-125, 1-131, Yb-169, Ir-192 as a solid source, I-125 as a solid source, or other radionuclides that emit photons, beta particles, gamma radiation, or other therapeutic rays. The radioactive material can also be a fluid made from any solution of radionuclide(s), e.g., a solution of 1-125 or 1-131, or a radioactive fluid can be produced using a slurry of a suitable fluid containing small particles of solid radionuclides, such as Au-198, Y-90. Moreover, the radionuclide(s) can be embodied in a gel or radioactive micro spheres.

The compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from anti-angiogenesis agents, signal transduction inhibitors, antiproliferative agents, glycolysis inhibitors, or autophagy inhibitors.

Anti-angiogenesis agents, such as MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, MMP-9 (matrix-metalloprotienase 9) inhibitors, and COX-11 (cyclooxygenase 11) inhibitors, can be used in conjunction with a compound of the disclosure and pharmaceutical compositions described herein. Anti-angiogenesis agents include, for example, rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD001), sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab. Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include alecoxib, valdecoxib, and rofecoxib. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are described in WO 96/33172 WO 96/27583 European Patent Publication EP0818442, European Patent Publication EP1004578, WO 98/07697, WO 98/03516, WO 98/34918, WO 98/34915, WO 98/33768, WO 98/30566, European Patent Publication 606046, European Patent Publication 931788, WO 90/05719, WO 99/52910, WO 99/52889, WO 99/29667, WO 99/007675, European Patent Publication EP1786785, European Patent Publication No. EP1181017, United States Publication US20090012085, United States Publication U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,949, United States Publication U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,510, and European Patent Publication EP0780386, all of which are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. Preferred MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors are those that have little or no activity inhibiting MMP-1. More preferred, are those that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and/or AMP-9 relative to the other matrix-metalloproteinases (i. e., MAP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, and MMP-13). Some specific examples of MMP inhibitors useful in the disclosure are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, and RS 13-0830.

The present compounds may also be used in co-therapies with other anti-neoplastic agents, such as acemannan, aclarubicin, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, altretamine, amifostine, aminolevulinic acid, amrubicin, amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, ANCER, ancestim, ARGLABIN, arsenic trioxide, BAM 002 (Novelos), bexarotene, bicalutamide, broxuridine, capecitabine, celmoleukin, cetrorelix, cladribine, clotrimazole, cytarabine ocfosfate, DA 3030 (Dong-A), daclizumab, denileukin diftitox, deslorelin, dexrazoxane, dilazep, docetaxel, docosanol, doxercalciferol, doxifluridine, doxorubicin, bromocriptine, carmustine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, HIT diclofenac, interferon alfa, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, tretinoin, edelfosine, edrecolomab, eflomithine, emitefur, epirubicin, epoetin beta, etoposide phosphate, exemestane, exisulind, fadrozole, filgrastim, finasteride, fludarabine phosphate, formestane, fotemustine, gallium nitrate, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab zogamicin, gimeracil/oteracil/tegafur combination, glycopine, goserelin, heptaplatin, human chorionic gonadotropin, human fetal alpha fetoprotein, ibandronic acid, idarubicin, (imiquimod, interferon alfa, interferon alfa, natural, interferon alfa-2, interferon alfa-2a, interferon alfa-2b, interferon alfa-N1, interferon alfa-_(n3), interferon alfacon-1, interferon alpha, natural, interferon beta, interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1 b, interferon gamma, natural interferon gamma-1a, interferon gamma-1b, interleukin-1 beta, iobenguane, irinotecan, irsogladine, lanreotide, LC 9018 (Yakult), leflunomide, lenograstim, lentinan sulfate, letrozole, leukocyte alpha interferon, leuprorelin, levamisole+fluorouracil, liarozole, lobaplatin, lonidamine, lovastatin, masoprocol, melarsoprol, metoclopramide, mifepristone, miltefosine, mirimostim, mismatched double stranded RNA, mitoguazone, mitolactol, mitoxantrone, molgramostim, nafarelin, naloxone+pentazocine, nartograstim, nedaplatin, nilutamide, noscapine, novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein, NSC 631570 octreotide, oprelvekin, osaterone, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pamidronic acid, pegaspargase, peginterferon alfa-2b, pentosan polysulfate sodium, pentostatin, picibanil, pirarubicin, rabbit antithymocyte polyclonal antibody, polyethylene glycol interferon alfa-2a, porfimer sodium, raloxifene, raltitrexed, rasburiembodiment, rhenium Re 186 etidronate, RII retinamide, rituximab, romurtide, samarium (153 Sm) lexidronam, sargramostim, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, sonermin, strontium-89 chloride, suramin, tasonermin, tazarotene, tegafur, temoporfin, temozolomide, teniposide, tetrachlorodecaoxide, thalidomide, thymalfasin, thyrotropin alfa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab-iodine 131, trastuzumab, treosulfan, tretinoin, trilostane, trimetrexate, triptorelin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, natural, ubenimex, bladder cancer vaccine, Maruyama vaccine, melanoma lysate vaccine, valrubicin, verteporfin, vinorelbine, VIRULIZIN, zinostatin stimalamer, or zoledronic acid; abarelix; AE 941 (Aetema), ambamustine, antisense oligonucleotide, bcl-2 (Genta), APC 8015 (Dendreon), cetuximab, decitabine, dexaminoglutethimide, diaziquone, EL 532 (Elan), EM 800 (Endorecherche), eniluracil, etanidazole, fenretinide, filgrastim SD01 (Amgen), fulvestrant, galocitabine, gastrin 17 immunogen, HLA-B7 gene therapy (Vical), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, histamine dihydrochloride, ibritumomab tiuxetan, ilomastat, IM 862 (Cytran), interleukin-2, iproxifene, LDI 200 (Milkhaus), leridistim, lintuzumab, CA 125 MAb (Biomira), cancer MAb (Japan Pharmaceutical Development), HER-2 and Fc MAb (Medarex), idiotypic 105AD7 MAb (CRC Technology), idiotypic CEA MAb (Trilex), LYM-1-iodine 131 MAb (Techniclone), polymorphic epithelial mucin-yttrium 90 MAb (Antisoma), marimastat, menogaril, mitumomab, motexafin gadolinium, MX 6 (Galderma), nelarabine, nolatrexed, P 30 protein, pegvisomant, pemetrexed, porfiromycin, prinomastat, RL 0903 (Shire), rubitecan, satraplatin, sodium phenylacetate, sparfosic acid, SRL 172 (SR Pharma), SU 5416 (SUGEN), TA 077 (Tanabe), tetrathiomolybdate, thaliblastine, thrombopoietin, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, tirapazamine, cancer vaccine (Biomira), melanoma vaccine (New York University), melanoma vaccine (Sloan Kettering Institute), melanoma oncolysate vaccine (New York Medical College), viral melanoma cell lysates vaccine (Royal Newcastle Hospital), or valspodar.

The compounds of the invention may further be used with VEGFR inhibitors. Other compounds described in the following patents and patent applications can be used in combination therapy: U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,812, US 2003/0105091, WO 01/37820, U.S. Pat. No. 6,235,764, WO 01/32651, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,630,500, 6,515,004, 6,713,485, 5,521,184, 5,770,599, 5,747,498, WO 02/68406, WO 02/66470, WO 02/55501, WO 04/05279, WO 04/07481, WO 04/07458, WO 04/09784, WO 02/59110, WO 99/45009, WO 00/59509, WO 99/61422, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,141, WO 00/12089, and WO 00/02871.

In some embodiments, the combination comprises a composition of the present invention in combination with at least one anti-angiogenic agent. Agents are inclusive of, but not limited to, in vitro synthetically prepared chemical compositions, antibodies, antigen binding regions, radionuclides, and combinations and conjugates thereof An agent can be an agonist, antagonist, allosteric modulator, toxin or, more generally, may act to inhibit or stimulate its target (e.g., receptor or enzyme activation or inhibition), and thereby promote cell death or arrest cell growth.

Exemplary anti-angiogenic agents include ERBITUX™ (IMC-C225), KDR (kinase domain receptor) inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies and antigen binding regions that specifically bind to the kinase domain receptor), anti-VEGF agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind VEGF, or soluble VEGF receptors or a ligand binding region thereof) such as AVASTIN™ or VEGF-TRAP™, and anti-VEGF receptor agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto), EGFR inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto) such as Vectibix (panitumumab), IRESSA™ (gefitinib), TARCEVA™ (erlotinib), anti-Ang1 and anti-Ang2 agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding thereto or to their receptors, e.g., Tie2/Tek), and anti-Tie2 kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto). The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can also include one or more agents (e.g., antibodies, antigen binding regions, or soluble receptors) that specifically bind and inhibit the activity of growth factors, such as antagonists of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as Scatter Factor), and antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind its receptor “c-met”.

Other anti-angiogenic agents include Campath, IL-8, B-FGF, Tek antagonists (Ceretti et al., U.S. Publication No. 2003/0162712; U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,932), anti-TWEAK agents (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions, or soluble TWEAK receptor antagonists; see, Wiley, U.S. Pat. No. 6,727,225), ADAM distintegrin domain to antagonize the binding of integrin to its ligands (Fanslow et al., U.S. Publication No. 2002/0042368), specifically binding anti-eph receptor and/or anti-ephrin antibodies or antigen binding regions (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,981,245; 5,728,813; 5,969,110; 6,596,852; 6,232,447; 6,057,124 and patent family members thereof), and anti-PDGF-BB antagonists (e.g., specifically binding antibodies or antigen binding regions) as well as antibodies or antigen binding regions specifically binding to PDGF-BB ligands, and PDGFR kinase inhibitory agents (e.g., antibodies or antigen binding regions that specifically bind thereto).

Additional anti-angiogenic/anti-tumor agents include: SD-7784 (Pfizer, USA); cilengitide. (Merck KGaA, Germany, EPO 770622); pegaptanib octasodium, (Gilead Sciences, USA); Alphastatin, (BioActa, UK); M-PGA, (Celgene, USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,712,291); ilomastat, (Arriva, USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,112); emaxanib, (Pfizer, USA, U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,783); vatalanib, (Novartis, Switzerland); 2-methoxyestradiol, (EntreMed, USA); TLC ELL-12, (Elan, Ireland); anecortave acetate, (Alcon, USA); alpha-D148 Mab, (Amgen, USA); CEP-7055, (Cephalon, USA); anti-Vn Mab, (Crucell, Netherlands) DAC:antiangiogenic, (ConjuChem, Canada); Angiocidin, (InKine Pharmaceutical, USA); KM-2550, (Kyowa Hakko, Japan); SU-0879, (Pfizer, USA); CGP-79787, (Novartis, Switzerland, EP 970070); ARGENT technology, (Ariad, USA); YIGSR-Stealth, (Johnson & Johnson, USA); fibrinogen-E fragment, (BioActa, UK); angiogenesis inhibitor, (Trigen, UK); TBC-1635, (Encysive Pharmaceuticals, USA); SC-236, (Pfizer, USA); ABT-567, (Abbott, USA); Metastatin, (EntreMed, USA); angiogenesis inhibitor, (Tripep, Sweden); maspin, (Sosei, Japan); 2-methoxyestradiol, (Oncology Sciences Corporation, USA); ER-68203-00, (IVAX, USA); Benefin, (Lane Labs, USA); Tz-93, (Tsumura, Japan); TAN-1120, (Takeda, Japan); FR-111142, (Fujisawa, Japan, JP 02233610); platelet factor 4, (RepliGen, USA, EP 407122); vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist, (Borean, Denmark); bevacizumab (pINN), (Genentech, USA); angiogenesis inhibitors, (SUGEN, USA); XL 784, (Exelixis, USA); XL 647, (Exelixis, USA); MAb, alpha5beta3 integrin, second generation, (Applied Molecular Evolution, USA and MedImmune, USA); gene therapy, retinopathy, (Oxford BioMedica, UK); enzastaurin hydrochloride (USAN), (Lilly, USA); CEP 7055, (Cephalon, USA and Sanofi-Synthelabo, France); BC 1, (Genoa Institute of Cancer Research, Italy); angiogenesis inhibitor, (Alchemia, Australia); VEGF antagonist, (Regeneron, USA); rBPI 21 and BPI-derived antiangiogenic, (XOMA, USA); PI 88, (Progen, Australia); cilengitide (pINN), (Merck KGaA, German; Munich Technical University, Germany, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); cetuximab (INN), (Aventis, France); AVE 8062, (Ajinomoto, Japan); AS 1404, (Cancer Research Laboratory, New Zealand); SG 292, (Telios, USA); Endostatin, (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); ATN 161, (Attenuon, USA); ANGIOSTATIN, (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); 2-methoxyestradiol, (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA); ZD 6474, (AstraZeneca, UK); ZD 6126, (Angiogene Pharmaceuticals, UK); PPI 2458, (Praecis, USA); AZD 9935, (AstraZeneca, UK); AZD 2171, (AstraZeneca, UK); vatalanib (pINN), (Novartis, Switzerland and Schering AG, Germany); tissue factor pathway inhibitors, (EntreMed, USA); pegaptanib (Pinn), (Gilead Sciences, USA); xanthorrhizol, (Yonsei University, South Korea); vaccine, gene-based, VEGF-2, (Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, USA); SPV5.2, (Supratek, Canada); SDX 103, (University of California at San Diego, USA); PX 478, (ProlX, USA); METASTATIN, (EntreMed, USA); troponin I, (Harvard University, USA); SU 6668, (SUGEN, USA); OXI 4503, (OXiGENE, USA); o-guanidines, (Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, USA); motuporamine C, (British Columbia University, Canada); CDP 791, (Celltech Group, UK); atiprimod (pINN), (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); E 7820, (Eisai, Japan); CYC 381, (Harvard University, USA); AE 941, (Aeterna, Canada); vaccine, angiogenesis, (EntreMed, USA); urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitor, (Dendreon, USA); oglufanide (pINN), (Melmotte, USA); HIF-lalfa inhibitors, (Xenova, UK); CEP 5214, (Cephalon, USA); BAY RES 2622, (Bayer, Germany); Angiocidin, (InKine, USA); A6, (Angstrom, USA); KR 31372, (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, South Korea); GW 2286, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); EHT 0101, (ExonHit, France); CP 868596, (Pfizer, USA); CP 564959, (OSI, USA); CP 547632, (Pfizer, USA); 786034, (GlaxoSmithKline, UK); KRN 633, (Kirin Brewery, Japan); drug delivery system, intraocular, 2-methoxyestradiol, (EntreMed, USA); anginex, (Maastricht University, Netherlands, and Minnesota University, USA); ABT 510, (Abbott, USA); AAL 993, (Novartis, Switzerland); VEGI, (ProteomTech, USA); tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, (National Institute on Aging, USA); SU 11248, (Pfizer, USA and SUGEN USA); ABT 518, (Abbott, USA); YH16, (Yantai Rongchang, China); S-3APG, (Boston Childrens Hospital, USA and EntreMed, USA); MAb, KDR, (ImClone Systems, USA); MAb, alpha5 beta1, (Protein Design, USA); KDR kinase inhibitor, (Celltech Group, UK, and Johnson & Johnson, USA); GFB 116, (South Florida University, USA and Yale University, USA); CS 706, (Sankyo, Japan); combretastatin A4 prodrug, (Arizona State University, USA); chondroitinase AC, (IBEX, Canada); BAY RES 2690, (Bayer, Germany); AGM 1470, (Harvard University, USA, Takeda, Japan, and TAP, USA); AG 13925, (Agouron, USA); Tetrathiomolybdate, (University of Michigan, USA); GCS 100, (Wayne State University, USA) CV 247, (Ivy Medical, UK); CKD 732, (Chong Kun Dang, South Korea); MAb, vascular endothelium growth factor, (Xenova, UK); irsogladine (INN), (Nippon Shinyaku, Japan); RG 13577, (Aventis, France); WX 360, (Wilex, Germany); squalamine (pINN), (Genaera, USA); RPI 4610, (Sirna, USA); cancer therapy, (Marinova, Australia); heparanase inhibitors, (InSight, Israel); KL 3106, (Kolon, South Korea); Honokiol, (Emory University, USA); ZK CDK, (Schering AG, Germany); ZK Angio, (Schering AG, Germany); ZK 229561, (Novartis, Switzerland, and Schering AG, Germany); XMP 300, (XOMA, USA); VGA 1102, (Taisho, Japan); VEGF receptor modulators, (Pharmacopeia, USA); VE-cadherin-2 antagonists, (ImClone Systems, USA); Vasostatin, (National Institutes of Health, USA); vaccine, Flk-1, (ImClone Systems, USA); TZ 93, (Tsumura, Japan); TumStatin, (Beth Israel Hospital, USA); truncated soluble FLT 1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), (Merck & Co, USA); Tie-2 ligands, (Regeneron, USA); and, thrombospondin 1 inhibitor, (Allegheny Health, Education and Research Foundation, USA).

Autophagy inhibitors include, but are not limited to chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil™), bafilomycin A1, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), okadaic acid, autophagy-suppressive algal toxins which inhibit protein phosphatases of type 2A or type 1, analogues of cAMP, and drugs which elevate cAMP levels such as adenosine, LY204002, N6-mercaptopurine riboside, and vinblastine. In addition, antisense or siRNA that inhibits expression of proteins including but not limited to ATG5 (which are implicated in autophagy), may also be used.

Additional pharmaceutically active compounds/agents that can be used in the treatment of cancers and that can be used in combination with one or more compound of the present invention include: epoetin alfa; darbepoetin alfa; panitumumab; pegfilgrastim; palifermin; filgrastim; denosumab; ancestim; AMG 102; AMG 386; AMG 479; AMG 655; AMG 745; AMG 951; and AMG 706, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In certain embodiments, a composition provided herein is conjointly administered with a chemotherapeutic agent. Suitable chemotherapeutic agents may include, natural products such as vinca alkaloids (e.g., vinblastine, vincristine, and vinorelbine), paclitaxel, epidipodophyllotoxins (e.g., etoposide and teniposide), antibiotics (e.g., dactinomycin (actinomycin D), daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and idarubicin), anthracyclines, mitoxantrone, bleomycins, plicamycin (mithramycin), mitomycin, enzymes (e.g., L-asparaginase which systemically metabolizes L-asparagine and deprives cells which do not have the capacity to synthesize their own asparagine), antiplatelet agents, antiproliferative/antimitotic alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards (e.g., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide and analogs, melphalan, and chlorambucil), ethylenimines and methylmelamines (e.g., hexaamethylmelaamine and thiotepa), CDK inhibitors (e.g., seliciclib, UCN-01, P1446A-05, PD-0332991, dinaciclib, P27-00, AT-7519, RGB286638, and SCH727965), alkyl sulfonates (e.g., busulfan), nitrosoureas (e.g., carmustine (BCNU) and analogs, and streptozocin), trazenes-dacarbazinine (DTIC), antiproliferative/antimitotic antimetabolites such as folic acid analogs (e.g., methotrexate), pyrimidine analogs (e.g., fluorouracil, floxuridine, and cytarabine), purine analogs and related inhibitors (e.g., mercaptopurine, thioguanine, pentostatin and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine), aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole, exemestane, and letrozole), and platinum coordination complexes (e.g., cisplatin and carboplatin), procarbazine, hydroxyurea, mitotane, aminoglutethimide, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (e.g., trichostatin, sodium butyrate, apicidan, suberoyl anilide hydroamic acid, vorinostat, LBH 589, romidepsin, ACY-1215, and panobinostat), mTor inhibitors (e.g., temsirolimus, everolimus, ridaforolimus, and sirolimus), KSP (Eg5) inhibitors (e.g., Array 520), DNA binding agents (e.g., Zalypsis), PI3K delta inhibitor (e.g., GS-1101 and TGR-1202), PI3K delta and gamma inhibitor (e.g., CAL-130), multi-kinase inhibitor (e.g., TG02 and sorafenib), hormones (e.g., estrogen) and hormone agonists such as leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists (e.g., goserelin, leuprolide and triptorelin), BAFF-neutralizing antibody (e.g., LY2127399), IKK inhibitors, p38MAPK inhibitors, anti-IL-6 (e.g., CNT0328), telomerase inhibitors (e.g., GRN 163L), aurora kinase inhibitors (e.g., MLN8237), cell surface monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-CD38 (HUMAX-CD38), anti-CS1 (e.g., elotuzumab), HSP90 inhibitors (e.g., 17 AAG and KOS 953), PI3K/Akt inhibitors (e.g., perifosine), Akt inhibitor (e.g., GSK-2141795), PKC inhibitors (e.g., enzastaurin), FTIs (e.g., Zamestra™), anti-CD138 (e.g., BT062), Torcl/2 specific kinase inhibitor (e.g., INK128), kinase inhibitor (e.g., GS-1101), ER/UPR targeting agent (e.g., MKC-3946), cFMS inhibitor (e.g., ARRY-382), JAK1/2 inhibitor (e.g., CYT387), PARP inhibitor (e.g., olaparib and veliparib (ABT-888)), BCL-2 antagonist. Other chemotherapeutic agents may include mechlorethamine, camptothecin, ifosfamide, tamoxifen, raloxifene, gemcitabine, navelbine, sorafenib, or any analog or derivative variant of the foregoing.

The compounds of the present invention may also be used in combination with radiation therapy, hormone therapy, surgery and immunotherapy, which therapies are well known to those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is conjointly administered with a steroid. Suitable steroids may include, but are not limited to, 21-acetoxypregnenolone, alclometasone, algestone, amcinonide, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, chloroprednisone, clobetasol, clocortolone, cloprednol, corticosterone, cortisone, cortivazol, deflazacort, desonide, desoximetasone, dexamethasone, diflorasone, diflucortolone, difuprednate, enoxolone, fluazacort, flucloronide, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, fluocortin butyl, fluocortolone, fluorometholone, fluperolone acetate, fluprednidene acetate, fluprednisolone, flurandrenolide, fluticasone propionate, formocortal, halcinonide, halobetasol propionate, halometasone, hydrocortisone, loteprednol etabonate, mazipredone, medrysone, meprednisone, methylprednisolone, mometasone furoate, paramethasone, prednicarbate, prednisolone, prednisolone 25-diethylaminoacetate, prednisolone sodium phosphate, prednisone, prednival, prednylidene, rimexolone, tixocortol, triamcinolone, triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone benetonide, triamcinolone hexacetonide, and salts and/or derivatives thereof. In a particular embodiment, the compounds of the present invention can also be used in combination with additional pharmaceutically active agents that treat nausea. Examples of agents that can be used to treat nausea include: dronabinol; granisetron; metoclopramide; ondansetron; and prochlorperazine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure can also be used in combination with an amount of one or more substances selected from EGFR inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, TOR inhibitors, and immune therapies, including anti-PD-1, anti-PDL-1, anti-CTLA4, anti-LAG1, and anti-OX40 agents, GITR agonists, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.

EGFR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, small molecule antagonists, antibody inhibitors, or specific antisense nucleotide or siRNA. Useful antibody inhibitors of EGFR include cetuximab (Erbitux), panitumumab (Vectibix), zalutumumab, nimotuzumab, and matuzumab. Small molecule antagonists of EGFR include gefitinib, erlotinib (Tarceva), and most recently, lapatinib (TykerB). See e.g., Yan L, et. al., Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics In Oncology Therapeutic Antibody Development, BioTechniques 2005; 39(4): 565-8, and Paez J G, et. al., EGFR Mutations In Lung Cancer Correlation With Clinical Response To Gefitinib Therapy, Science 2004; 304(5676): 1497-500.

Non-limiting examples of small molecule EGFR inhibitors include any of the EGFR inhibitors described in the following patent publications, and all pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of said EGFR inhibitors: European Patent Application EP 520722, published Dec. 30, 1992; European Patent Application EP 566226, published Oct. 20, 1993; PCT International Publication WO 96/33980, published Oct. 31, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,498, issued May 5, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 96/30347, published Oct. 3, 1996; European Patent Application EP 787772, published Aug. 6, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/30034, published Aug. 21, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/30044, published Aug. 21, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/38994, published Oct. 23, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/49688, published Dec. 31, 1997; European Patent Application EP 837063, published Apr. 22, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 98/02434, published Jan. 22, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 97/38983, published Oct. 23, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 95/19774, published Jul. 27, 1995; PCT International Publication WO 95/19970, published Jul. 27, 1995; PCT International Publication WO 97/13771, published Apr. 17, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 98/02437, published Jan. 22, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 98/02438, published Jan. 22, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 97/32881, published Sep. 12, 1997; German Application DE 19629652, published Jan. 29, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 98/33798, published Aug. 6, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 97/32880, published Sep. 12, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 97/32880 published Sep. 12, 1997; European Patent Application EP 682027, published Nov. 15, 1995; PCT International Publication WO 97/02266, published Jan. 23, 197; PCT International Publication WO 97/27199, published Jul. 31, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 98/07726, published Feb. 26, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 97/34895, published Sep. 25, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 96/31510′, published Oct. 10, 1996; PCT International Publication WO 98/14449, published Apr. 9, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 98/14450, published Apr. 9, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 98/14451, published Apr. 9, 1998; PCT International Publication WO 95/09847, published Apr. 13, 1995; PCT International Publication WO 97/19065, published May 29, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 98/17662, published Apr. 30, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,789,427, issued Aug. 4, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,415, issued Jul. 22, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,656,643, issued Aug. 12, 1997; PCT International Publication WO 99/35146, published Jul. 15, 1999; PCT International Publication WO 99/35132, published Jul. 15, 1999; PCT International Publication WO 99/07701, published Feb. 18, 1999; and PCT International Publication WO 92/20642 published Nov. 26, 1992. Additional non-limiting examples of small molecule EGFR inhibitors include any of the EGFR inhibitors described in Traxler, P., 1998, Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 8(12):1599-1625.

Antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include any anti-EGFR antibody or antibody fragment that can partially or completely block EGFR activation by its natural ligand. Non-limiting examples of antibody-based EGFR inhibitors include those described in Modjtahedi, H., et al., 1993, Br. J. Cancer 67:247-253; Teramoto, T., et al., 1996, Cancer 77:639-645; Goldstein et al., 1995, Clin. Cancer Res. 1:1311-1318; Huang, S. M., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 15:59(8):1935-40; and Yang, X., et al., 1999, Cancer Res. 59:1236-1243. Thus, the EGFR inhibitor can be monoclonal antibody Mab E7.6.3 (Yang, 1999 supra), or Mab C225 (ATCC Accession No. HB-8508), or an antibody or antibody fragment having the binding specificity thereof.

MEK inhibitors include, but are not limited to, CI-1040, AZD6244, PD318088, PD98059, PD334581, RDEA119, ARRY-142886, ARRY-438162, and PD-325901.

PI3K inhibitors include, but are not limited to, wortmannin, 17-hydroxywortmannin analogs described in WO 06/044453, 4-[2-(1H-Indazol-4-yl)-6-[[4-(methylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]morpholine (also known as GDC 0941 and described in PCT Publication Nos. WO 09/036,082 and WO 09/055,730), 2-Methyl-2-[4-[3-methyl-2-oxo-8-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-1-yl]phenyl]propionitrile (also known as BEZ 235 or NVP-BEZ 235, and described in PCT Publication No. WO 06/122806), (S)-1-(4-((2-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-7-methyl-4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropan-1-one (described in PCT Publication No. WO 2008/070740), LY294002 (2-(4-Morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one available from Axon Medchem), PI 103 hydrochloride (3-[4-(4-morpholinylpyrido-[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]phenol hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 75 (N′-[(1E)-(6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methylene]-N,2-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfono-hydrazide hydrochloride available from Axon Medchem), PIK 90 (N-(7,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolin-5-yl)-nicotinamide available from Axon Medchem), GDC-0941 bismesylate (2-(1H-Indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine bismesylate available from Axon Medchem), AS-252424 (5-[1-[5-(4-Fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-furan-2-yl]-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione available from Axon Medchem), and TGX-221 (7-Methyl-2-(4-morpholinyl)-9-[1-(phenylamino)ethyl]-4H-pyrido-[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one available from Axon Medchem), XL-765, and XL-147. Other PI3K inhibitors include demethoxyviridin, perifosine, CAL101, PX-866, BEZ235, SF1126, INK1117, IPI-145, BKM120, XL147, XL765, Palomid 529, GSK1059615, ZSTK474, PWT33597, IC87114, TG100-115, CAL263, PI-103, GNE-477, CUDC-907, and AEZS-136.

AKT inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Akt-1-1 (inhibits Akt1) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J, 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); Akt-1-1,2 (inhibits Ak1 and 2) (Barnett et al. (2005) Biochem. J. 385 (Pt. 2), 399-408); API-59CJ-Ome (e.g., Jin et al. (2004) Br. J Cancer 91, 1808-12); 1-H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridinyl compounds (e.g., WO05011700); indole-3-carbinol and derivatives thereof (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,656,963; Sarkar and Li (2004) JNutr. 134 (12 Suppl), 3493S-3498S); perifosine (e.g., interferes with Akt membrane localization; Dasmahapatra et al. (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. 10(15), 5242-52, 2004); phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (e.g., Gills and Dennis (2004) Expert. Opin. Investig. Drugs 13, 787-97); and triciribine (TCN or API-2 or NCI identifier: NSC 154020; Yang et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64, 4394-9).

TOR inhibitors include, but are not limited to, inhibitors include AP-23573, CCI-779, everolimus, RAD-001, rapamycin, temsirolimus, ATP-competitive TORC1/TORC2 inhibitors, including PI-103, PP242, PP30 and Torin 1. Other TOR inhibitors in FKBP12 enhancer; rapamycins and derivatives thereof, including: CCI-779 (temsirolimus), RAD001 (Everolimus; WO 9409010) and AP23573; rapalogs, e.g. as disclosed in WO 98/02441 and WO 01/14387, e.g. AP23573, AP23464, or AP23841; 40-(2-hydroxyethyl)rapamycin, 40-[3-hydroxy(hydroxymethyl)methylpropanoate]-rapamycin (also called CC1779), 40-epi-(tetrazolyt)-rapamycin (also called ABT578), 32-deoxorapamycin, 16-pentynyloxy-32 (S)-dihydrorapanycin, and other derivatives disclosed in WO 05005434; derivatives disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,389, WO 94/090101, WO 92/05179, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,118,677, 5,118,678, 5,100,883, 5,151,413, 5,120,842, WO 93/111130, WO 94/02136, WO 94/02485, WO 95/14023, WO 94/02136, WO 95/16691, WO 96/41807, WO 96/41807 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,790; phosphorus-containing rapamycin derivatives (e.g., WO 05016252); 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives (e.g., U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/528,340).

Immune therapies include, but are not limited to, anti-PD-1 agents, anti-PDL-1 agents, anti-CTLA-4 agents, anti-LAG1 agents, and anti-OX40 agents. Exemplary anti-PD-1 antibodies and methods for their use are described by Goldberg et al., Blood 110(1):186-192 (2007), Thompson et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 13(6):1757-1761 (2007), and Korman et al., International Application No. PCT/JP2006/309606 (publication no. WO 2006/121168 A1), each of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein. include: Yervoy™ (ipilimumab) or Tremelimumab (to CTLA-4), galiximab (to B7.1), BMS-936558 (to PD-1), MK-3475 (to PD-1), AMP224 (to B7DC), BMS-936559 (to B7-H1), MPDL3280A (to B7-H1), MEDI-570 (to ICOS), AMG557 (to B7H2), MGA271 (to B7H3), IMP321 (to LAG-3), BMS-663513 (to CD137), PF-05082566 (to CD137), CDX-1127 (to CD27), anti-OX40 (Providence Health Services), huMAbOX40L (to OX40L), Atacicept (to TACI), CP-870893 (to CD40), Lucatumumab (to CD40), Dacetuzumab (to CD40), Muromonab-CD3 (to CD3), Ipilumumab (to CTLA-4). Immune therapies also include genetically engineered T-cells (e.g., CAR-T cells) and bispecific antibodies (e.g., BiTEs).

GITR agonists include, but are not limited to, GITR fusion proteins and anti-GITR antibodies (e.g., bivalent anti-GITR antibodies), such as, a GITR fusion protein described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,111,090box.c, European Patent No.: 090505B1, U.S. Pat. No. 8,586,023, PCT Publication Nos.: WO 2010/003118 and 2011/090754, or an anti-GITR antibody described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,962, European Patent No.: 1947183B1, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,812,135, 8,388,967, 8,591,886, European Patent No.: EP 1866339, PCT Publication No.: WO 2011/028683, PCT Publication No.: WO 2013/039954, PCT Publication No.: WO2005/007190, PCT Publication No.: WO 2007/133822, PCT Publication No.: WO2005/055808, PCT Publication No.: WO 99/40196, PCT Publication No.: WO 2001/03720, PCT Publication No.: WO99/20758, PCT Publication No.: WO2006/083289, PCT Publication No.: WO 2005/115451, U.S. Pat. No. 7,618,632, and PCT Publication No.: WO 2011/051726.

The compounds described herein can be used in combination with the agents disclosed herein or other suitable agents, depending on the condition being treated. Hence, in some embodiments the one or more compounds of the disclosure will be co-administered with other agents as described above. When used in combination therapy, the compounds described herein are administered with the second agent simultaneously or separately. This administration in combination can include simultaneous administration of the two agents in the same dosage form, simultaneous administration in separate dosage forms, and separate administration. That is, a compound described herein and any of the agents described above can be formulated together in the same dosage form and administered simultaneously. Alternatively, a compound of the disclosure and any of the agents described above can be simultaneously administered, wherein both the agents are present in separate formulations. In another alternative, a compound of the present disclosure can be administered just followed by and any of the agents described above, or vice versa. In some embodiments of the separate administration protocol, a compound of the disclosure and any of the agents described above are administered a few minutes apart, or a few hours apart, or a few days apart.

As one aspect of the present invention contemplates the treatment of the disease/conditions with a combination of pharmaceutically active compounds that may be administered separately, the invention further relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of the present invention, and a second pharmaceutical compound. The kit comprises a container for containing the separate compositions such as a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Additional examples of containers include syringes, boxes, and bags. In some embodiments, the kit comprises directions for the use of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing health care professional.

EXAMPLES Method 1 Example 1-1: 1-(4-(6-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Step 1: 2-Amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid (Intermediate A). A mixture of 2-amino-4-bromo-3-fluorobenzoic acid (3.91 g, 16.71 mmol, Apollo Scientific Ltd., Stockport, UK) and N-chlorosuccinimide (1.36 mL, 16.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (33 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to rt, ice water (40 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.69 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 6.48-7.23 (2H, br s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 6-119.70 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 270.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 2-Amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzamide (Intermediate B). Ammonium chloride (1.10 g, 20.6 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (5.13 mL, 29.5 mmol) were sequentially added to a mixture of 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzoic acid (Intermediate A, 3.96 g, 14.7 mmol) and TBTU (4.97 g, 15.5 mmol, Advanced ChemTech, Louisville, Ky., USA) in N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL), and the resulting was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and stirred for 15 min. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03 (1H, br s), 7.72 (1H, d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.47 (1H, br s), 6.86 (2H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-120.79 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 268.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 2-Amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzothioamide Lawesson's reagent (2.81 g, 6.95 mmol) was added to 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzamide (Intermediate B, 3.10 g, 11.59 mmol) in THF (77 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (75 mL) and sequentially washed with aqueous 2 M HCl (50 mL), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic extract was then dried over Na₂SO₄, collected by filtration, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-3% MeOH in DCM) provided 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzothioamide: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.93-10.15 (1H, m), 9.63 (1H, br s), 7.28 (1H, d, J=1.96 Hz), 6.34 (2H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-119.52 (1 F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 284.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 6-Bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine Hydrogen peroxide (30% by wt. in water, 2.93 mL, 28.7 mmol) was added dropwise to an ice-cooled solution of 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzothioamide (2.71 g, 9.55 mmol) in pyridine (32 mL), and the resulting mixture was subsequently allowed to warm to rt and stir for 24 h. Water (50 mL) was added, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give 6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.12-8.26 (2H, m), 7.95-8.06 (1H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-114.32 (1 F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 283.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: 6-Bromo-3,5-dichloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate C) To an ice-cooled mixture of 6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine (2.47 g, 8.78 mmol), water (12 mL), and concentrated hydrochloric acid (37 wt %, 12 mL, 395 mmol) was slowly added a solution of sodium nitrite (0.788 g, 11.4 mmol) in water (2.0 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2.5 h, and a mixture of copper (I) chloride (1.39 g, 14.1 mmol) in concentrated hydrochloric (37 wt %, 12 mL, 395 mmol) was then added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was subsequently allowed to warm to rt and stir for 20 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (50 mL), and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo. The collected material was taken up in (3:1) DCM:MeOH (200 mL) and sequentially washed with water (200 mL) and brine (100 mL). The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc in heptane) gave 6-bromo-3,5-dichloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazole: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.99 (1H, d, J=1.57 Hz). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-111.48 (1 F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 425.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: tert-Butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D) A mixture of 6-bromo-3,5-dichloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate C, 150 mg, 0.497 mmol) and 1-Boc-piperazine (204 mg, 1.09 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) was stirred at rt for 20 h. The reaction mixture was then adsorbed onto silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc in heptane) to provide tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 7.60 (1H, d, J=1.56 Hz), 3.68-3.79 (4H, m), 3.40-3.51 (4H, m), 1.26 (9H, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 451.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D, 111 mg, 0.247 mmol), 2-bromo-5-methoxybenzene boronic acid (0.114 mL, 0.494 mmol), sodium carbonate (0.041 mL, 0.988 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (14.3 mg, 0.012 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1.6 mL) and water (0.4 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 21 h. The reaction mixture then concentrated in vacuo, adsorbed onto silica gel, and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% (3:1) EtOAc/EtOH in heptane) to furnish tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 558.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: 1-(4-(6-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Hydrogen chloride (4M in 1,4-dioxane, 2.0 mL, 8.0 mmol) was added to a mixture of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (107 mg, 0.192 mmol) and methanol (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to give 6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole: m/z (ESI, +ve) 458.0 (M+1)⁺.

To this material (88 mg) was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.101 mL, 0.578 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL), and the resulting mixture was cooled to 0° C. Acryloyl chloride (0.26 M in DCM, 0.75 mL, 0.19 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to provide 1-(4-(6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 512.0 (M+H)⁺.

For compounds without a methyl ether protecting group, the crude material was purified at this stage. For compounds bearing a methyl ether protecting group, the crude material was used in the next transformation without purification:

The resulting 1-(4-(6-(2-bromo-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one was taken up in 1,2-dichloroethane (2.0 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Boron tribromide solution (1.0 M in hexanes, 0.97 mL, 0.97 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.0 mL) and extracted with (2:1) DCM/MeOH (10 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-3% MeOH in DCM) provided 1-(4-(6-(2-bromo-5-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 6 9.99 (br s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.79 (d, J=2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J=16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (dd, J=10.5, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (br d, J=19.5 Hz, 4H), 3.63 (br t, J=5.1 Hz, 4H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-124.16 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 498.0 (M+H)⁺

TABLE 1(a) Compounds 1-2 to 1-28 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 1, Steps 1-8, above as follows: Method Ex.# Chemical Structure Name changes Reagent 1-2

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(1H- indol-3-yl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 8-3 Step 7: (1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)- 1h-indol-3- yl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-3

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 8-3 Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-4

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (3-methoxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-5

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 7: (2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl)bo- ronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-6

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 7: (2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl)bo- ronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-7

1-((3R)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-(hydroxymethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: (3R)-1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)-3- (hydroxymethyl)pi- perazine (Synthonix Inc., Wake Forest, NC, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-8

1-4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-ethyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: tert-butyl 3- ethylpiperazine-1- carboxylate (Accel Pharmtech LLC, East Brunswick, NJ, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

1-9

N-(1-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 2-methyl-3- azetidinyl)-2- propenamide — Step 6: tert-butyl (2- methylazetidin-3- yl)carbamate (PharmaBlock, Nanjing, China), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

1-10

1-((3S)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (5-methyl-1H- indazol-4-yl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 8-3 Step 6: (S)-4-n-boc- 2-methyl piperazine (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA), Step 7: 4-borono-5-methyl- 1h-indazole (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA.), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-11

1-((3S)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: (S)-tert-butyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)pi- perazine-1-carboxylate (Activate Scientific GmbH, Prien, Germany), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-12

4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 1-(2-propenoyl)-2- piperazinecarbox- amide — Step 6: piperazine- 2-carboxamide (Enamine, Kiev, Ukraine), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

1-13

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(2- methoxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 8-3 Step 7: (2- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-14

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(2- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 7: (2- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 100° C., Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-15

1-((3S)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-(hydroxymethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: (3S)-1-boc- 3-(hydroxymethyl)- piperazine (Combi- blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-16

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 2-(hydroxymethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: tert-butyl 3- (((tert- butyldimethylsilyl) oxy)methyl)piper- azine-1-carboxylate^(i), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid, Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

1-17

1-((1R,5S)-3-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3,8- diazabicyclo[3.2.1] octan-8-yl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: 8-boc-3,8- diaza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (Chem-Impex International, Inc. Wood Dale, IL, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-18

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-(hydroxymethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: 4-n-boc-2- hydroxymethyl- piperazine (AstaTech, Inc., Bristol, PA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

1-19

1-((3S)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: (S)-4-n-boc- 2-methyl piperazine (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-20

1-(3-((5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)amino)-1- azetidinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: 1-boc-3- aminoazetidine (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-21

1-((3R)-4-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 6: (R)-4-n-boc- 2-methyl-piperazine (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-22

N-((3R)-1-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-pyrrolidinyl)-2- propenamide Step 6: (3R)-(−)-3- tert- butoxycarbonylamino- pyrrolidine (Oakwood Products, Inc. Estill, SC, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-23

N-((3R)-1-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)- 3-piperidinyl)-2- propenamide Step 6: (R)-tert- butyl piperidin-3- ylcarbamate (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen- 1-yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM 1-28

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(2-fluoro- 5-hydroxyphen- yl)benzo[c]iso- thiazol-3- yl)piperazin-1- yl)prop-2-en-1-one Step 7: (2-fluoro-5- methoxyphen- yl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), K₂CO₃, Pd(dppf)Cl₂•DCM, 100° C. Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

Method 2 Example 2-1: 1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: 2-Amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinic acid. N-Chlorosuccinimide (2.78 g, 20.8 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-amino-6-bromonicotinic acid (4.51 g, 20.8 mmol, Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, Ill., USA) in DMF (75 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at 70° C. for 2.5 h. Heating was then stopped, and stirring was continued for 16 h. The reaction mixture was subsequently poured into ice water. After the ice had melted, the resulting slurry was filtered through a fritted glass funnel. The collected solids were air-dried, providing 2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinic acid: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.64 (br. s, 2H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 250.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: tert-Butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. To a solution of 2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinic acid (1.12 g, 4.5 mmol) in DMF (14 mL) was added TBTU (1.93 g, 6.0 mmol). After 5 min, the reaction was sequentially treated with 1-Boc-piperazine (912 mg, 4.9 mmol) and DIPEA (2.33 mL, 13.4 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 25 h, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (75 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and sequentially washed with water (2×), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 7% MeOH in DCM) furnished tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.66 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 8H), 1.40 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 419.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: tert-Butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloropyridine-3-carbonothioyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Lawesson's reagent (353 mg, 0.87 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloronicotinoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (610 mg, 1.45 mmol) in THF (7.5 mL), and the resulting solution was stirred as 50° C. for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to rt and sequentially treated with water (10 mL) and aqueous 1 N HCl (4 mL). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×), and the combined extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-6% MeOH in DCM) provided tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloropyridine-3-carbonothioyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.47 (s, 1H), 6.58 (br. s, 2H), 4.30 (ddd, J=13.3, 6.3, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.01-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 3H), 1.41 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 434.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: tert-Butyl 4-(5,6-dichloroisothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. NCS (116 mg, 0.87 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-6-bromo-5-chloropyridine-3-carbonothioyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (343 mg, 0.79 mmol) in THF (8 mL), and the resulting solution was stirred at rt for 20 min. A mixture of water (10 mL) and 1 M aqueous sodium sulfite (5 mL) was then added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 4% MeOH in DCM) provided tert-butyl 4-(5,6-dichloroisothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 3.69-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.57 (m, 4H), 1.51 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 389.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: tert-Butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(5,6-dichloroisothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (154 mg, 0.36 mmol), (3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)boronic acid (287 mg, 1.42 mmol), and cesium carbonate (463 mg, 1.42 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) and water (2 mL) was sparged with argon before adding tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (41 mg, 0.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was again sparged with argon, then heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 25 h. After cooling to rt, the reaction mixture was diluted with brine (40 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-3.5% MeOH in DCM) gave tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 511.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: 5-Chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridine. Trifluoroacetic acid (560 □L, 7.6 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (155 mg, 0.30 mmol) in DCM (6 mL), and the resulting solution was stirred at rt for 2.3 h, then concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-25% MeOH in DCM) furnished 5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridine as a TFA salt: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 6 8.78 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=3.7 Hz, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.83 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.43 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 411.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. To an ice-cooled slurry of 5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (TFA salt; 100 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was sequentially added DIPEA (100 DL, 0.57 mmol) and acryloyl chloride (23 DL, 0.29 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 70 min, and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (15 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3×), and the combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 7% MeOH in DCM) provided 1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=16.7, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J=16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (dd, J=10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.69-3.76 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 465.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Boron tribromide (1.0 M in hexanes, 400 QL, 0.40 mmol) was added (dropwise) to an ice-cooled solution of 1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)isothiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (37.3 mg, 0.08 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2.3 h. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) was then added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with (4:1) DCM:MeOH (2×). The combined extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-6% MeOH in DCM) provided 1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (br. s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J=16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.74-5.79 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.76 (in, 4H). M/z (ESI, +ve) 451.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 2 Compounds 2-2 to 2-6 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 2, Steps 1-8, above as follows: Method Ex.# Chemical Structure Name changes Reagents 2-2

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl) [1,2]thiazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3- yl)-3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit Step 8 Step 2: 1-Boc-3- methylpiperazine (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 4: N- bromosuccinimide, Step 5: 2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl boronic acid

2-3

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl) [1,2]thiazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3- yl)-3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 2: 1-Boc-3- methylpiperazine (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 4: N- bromosuccinimide, Step 5: 2-fluoro-6- methoxyphenyl boronic acid

2-4

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (3-methoxy-1- naphthalenyl)[1,2] thiazolo[3,4-b] pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit Step 8 Step 2: 1-Boc-3- methylpiperazine (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 4: N- bromosuccinimide

2-5

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl) [1,2]thiazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 2: 1-Boc-3- methylpiperazine (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 4: N- bromosuccinimide

2-6

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (5-methyl-1H- indazol-4- yl)[1,2]thiazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3- yl)-3-methyl-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit Step 8 Step 2: 1-Boc-3- methylpiperazine (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 4: N- bromosuccinimide, Step 5: 4-borono-5- methyl-1h-indazole (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA)

2-7

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-3,5-dimethyl- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 1: 2-amino-4- bromo-3- fluorobenzoic acid (Apollo Scientific Ltd., Stockport, UK), Step 2: 1-boc-3,5- dimethylpiperazine (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen-1- yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

2-8

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(5- methyl-1H- indazol-4-yl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-3- (difluoromethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 1: 2-amino-4- bromo-3- fluorobenzoic acid (Apollo Scientific Ltd., Stockport, UK), Step 2: tert-butyl 3- (difluoromethyl)piper- azine-1-carboxylate (Enamine, Kiev, Ukraine), Step 7: (5- methyl-1H-indazol-4- yl)boronic acid (Combi-Blocks, Inc.), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

2-9

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(2-fluoro- 6-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-3- (difluoromethyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Step 8-3 performed prior to steps 8-2 Step 1: 2-amino-4- bromo-3- fluorobenzoic acid (Apollo Scientific Ltd., Stockport, UK), Step 2: tert-butyl 3- (difluoromethyl)piper- azine-1-carboxylate (Enamine, Kiev, Ukraine), Step 7: 2- fluoro-6-methoxy- phenylboronic acid (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

2-10

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-3-(2- propanyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 1: 2-amino-4- bromo-3- fluorobenzoic acid (Apollo Scientific Ltd., Stockport, UK), Step 2: 1-boc-3- isopropyl-piperazine (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 7: (3- methoxynaphthalen-1- yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), Step 8-1: TFA/DCM

Method 3 Example 3-1: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Step 1: 1-(4-(6-Bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. 0.2 M acryloyl chloride in DCM (1.240 mL, 0.248 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled solution of 6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate D, 87 mg, 0.248 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.129 mL, 0.744 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.3 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was sonicated in MeOH (2 mL). The suspended solid was collected by filtration, washed with MeOH, and dried in vacuo to provide 1-(4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.13 (1H, d, J=1.56 Hz), 6.84 (1H, dd, J=10.47, 16.73 Hz), 6.17 (1H, dd, J=2.35, 16.63 Hz), 5.66-5.82 (1H, m), 3.73-3.93 (4H, m), 3.55-3.67 (4H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.39 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 405.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate E). A mixture of 1-(4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate D, 79 mg, 0.20 mmol), (3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)boronic acid (47.3 mg, 0.234 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (22.5 mg, 0.020 mmol) and sodium carbonate (83 mg, 0.78 mmol) in water (0.500 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then adsorbed onto silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-3% MeOH in DCM) to give 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl) piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 482.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Boron tribromide (1.0M in hexanes, 0.664 mL, 0.664 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled solution of 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (64 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.0 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted with (2:1) DCM:MeOH (10 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-3% MeOH in DCM) gave 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.90-10.04 (1H, m), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, d, J=8.41 Hz), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J=1.96, 6.11, 8.17 Hz), 7.16-7.31 (3H, m), 7.07 (1H, d, J=2.35 Hz), 6.87 (1H, dd, J=10.47, 16.73 Hz), 6.19 (1H, dd, J=2.25, 16.73 Hz), 5.77 (1H, dd, J=2.25, 10.47 Hz), 3.88 (4H, br d, J=19.56 Hz), 3.61-3.72 (4H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-123.78 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 468.0 (M+H)⁺.

Alternate Synthesis of Intermediate E

1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c] isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate E, alternative synthesis): To a solution of 6-bromo-3,5-dichloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate C, 715 mg, 2.37 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.6 mL) was sequentially added a solution of 1-(piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate) (961 mg, 2.61 mmol, eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, N.J., USA) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.6 mL) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.243 mL, 7.12 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and then heated at 50° C. for 22 h. After cooling to rt, the reaction mixture was added to ice water (10 mL), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water. The collected solid was adsorbed onto silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-3% MeOH in DCM) to furnish 1-(4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

TABLE 3 Compounds 3-2 to 3-24 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 3, Steps 1-3, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Method changes Reagent 3-2

8-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-3-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-6- yl)-2(1H)- quinolinone Omit step 3 Step 2: 8-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)- one (Chem Shuttle, Hayward, CA, USA), S-Phos Pd G3, aq. K₂CO₃, 1,4-dioxane 3-3

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(8- isoquinolinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: 8- boronoisoquinoline (Frontier Scientific, Inc. Logan, UT, USA) 3-4

5-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-3-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-6- yl)-2(1H)- quinolinone Omit step 3 Step 2: 5-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-1,3,2- dioxaborolan-2- yl)quinolin-2(1h)- one (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA) 3-5

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(5- methyl-1H- indazol-4-yl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: 4-borono-5- methyl-1h-indazole (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA) 3-6

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(2-fluoro- 6-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 2: 2-fluoro-6- methoxy- phenylboronic acid (Accela ChemBio Inc. San Diego, CA, USA) 3-7

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2,4- difluorophenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: (2,4- difluoro- phenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-8

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(5- hydroxy-2- methylphenyl)- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: (5-hydroxy- 2-methylphenyl- boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-9

1-4-(5-chloro-6- (2-chloro-5- methoxyphenyl)- 7-fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: 2-chloro-5- methoxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-10

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2,4-difluoro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: 1-boronic acid-2,4-difluoro-5- methoxy-benzene (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-11

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-chloro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: 2-chloro-5- methoxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-12

1-(4-(6-(5-amino- 2-methylphenyl)- 5-chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: (5-amino-2- methyl- phenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-13

N-(3-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-3-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-6- yl)-4-methyl- phenyl)acetamide Omit step 3 Step 2: [5- (acetylamino)-2- methyl- phenyl]boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-14

1-(4-(6-(5-amino- 2-fluorophenyl)-5- chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: 2-fluoro-5- aminophenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA. USA) 3-15

1-(4-(6-(5-amino- 2,3- difluorophenyl)-5- chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: 3-borono- 4,5-difluoroaniline (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-16

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2,3-difluoro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: 2,3-difluoro- 5-methoxy- phenylboronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-17

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2,4-dichloro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: (2,4- dichloro-5- methoxy- phenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-18

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2-chloro-4- fluoro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: (2-chloro-4- fluoro-5-methoxy- phenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-19

1-(4-(6-(5-amino- 2-chlorophenyl)- 5-chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: (5-amino-2- chlorophenyl)boro- nic acid hydrochloride (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-20

1-(4-(6-(5-amino- 2,4- dichlorophenyl)- 5-chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one — Step 2: (5-amino- 2,4-dichloro- phenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 3-21

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(4-(2- propanyl)-3- pyridinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one Omit step 3 Step 2: (4- isopropylpyridin-3- yl)boronic acid (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA) 3-22

1-(4-(5-chloro-6- (2,3-dichloro-5- hydroxyphenyl)-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-1-piperazinyl)- 2-propen-1-one — Step 2: 2-(2,3- dichloro-5- methoxyphenyl)- 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl- 1,3,2-dioxaborolane (Anisyn Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, US) 3-23

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6- (naphthalen-1- yl)benzo[c]iso- thiazol-3-yl)piper- azin-1-yl)prop-2- en-1-one Omit step 3 Step 1-1: TFA/DCM Step 2: (1- naphthalyl)boronic acid, Cs₂CO₃, 80° C. 3-24

1-(4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(quinolin- 8-yl)benzo[c]iso- thiazol-3-yl)piper- azin-1-yl)prop-2- en-1-one Omit step 3 Step 1-1: TFA/DCM Step 2: 8-quinoline boronic acid (Frontier Scientific Inc., Logan UT, USA), Cs₂CO₃, 80° C. 3-25

3-amino-5-(5- chloro-7-fluoro-3- (4-(2-propenoyl)- 1-piperazinyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-6- yl)benzonitrile Omit step 3 Step 1-1: TFA/DCM Step 2: (3-amino-5- cyanophenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), S-Phos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 100° C.

Method 4 Example 4-1: 1-(6-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 6-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate. A mixture of 6-bromo-3,5-dichloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate C, 169 mg, 0.562 mmol) and 2-Boc-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane (212 mg, 1.07 mmol, AstaTech, Inc., Bristol, Pa., USA) in DMF (3.5 mL) was stirred at rt for 5 h. Ice water (5 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to provide tert-butyl 6-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.52-7.74 (1H, m), 4.55 (4H, s), 4.09 (4H, s), 1.38 (9H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.55 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 464.0 (M+1).

Step 2: 1-(6-(6-Bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Hydrogen chloride solution (4M in 1,4-dioxane, 5.0 mL, 20 mmol) was added to tert-butyl 6-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptane-2-carboxylate (249 mg, 0.538 mmol) in methanol (10 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to provide 6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluoro-3-(2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole: m/z (ESI, +ve) 363.8 (M+1)⁺.

To this material was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.281 mL, 1.61 mmol) in dichloromethane (3.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was cooled to 0° C. Acryloyl chloride (0.2 M in DCM, 2.69 mL, 0.538 mmol) was then added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-10% (3:1) EtOAc/EtOH in DCM) to provide 1-(6-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.65 (1H, d, J=1.4 Hz), 6.25-6.36 (1H, m), 6.10 (1H, dd, J=17.0, 2.3 Hz), 5.64-5.72 (1H, m), 4.58 (4H, s), 4.47 (2H, s), 4.18 (2H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.54 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 418.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 1-(6-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. A mixture of 1-(6-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (102 mg, 0.245 mmol), (3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)boronic acid (59.3 mg, 0.294 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (28.3 mg, 0.024 mmol), and sodium carbonate (104 mg, 0.979 mmol) in water (0.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then adsorbed onto silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-5% MeOH in DCM). The purified material was sonicated in MeOH, and the suspended solid was collected by filtration, washed with MeOH, and dried in vacuo to provide 1-(6-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.93 (1H, d, J=8.4 Hz), 7.67 (1H, s), 7.45-7.57 (2H, m), 7.23-7.36 (2H, m), 7.16 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz), 6.27-6.39 (1H, m), 6.11 (1H, dd, J=17.0, 2.2 Hz), 5.65-5.76 (1H, m), 4.58-4.67 (4H, m), 4.50 (2H, s), 4.22 (2H, s), 3.93 (3H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-123.88 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 494.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 1-(6-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Boron tribromide (1.0 M in hexanes, 0.638 mL, 0.638 mmol) was added to ice-cooled 1-(6-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (63 mg, 0.128 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was extracted with (2:1) DCM:MeOH (10 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-2% MeOH (with 2M ammonia) in DCM) gave 1-(6-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-2,6-diazaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.82-10.04 (1H, m), 7.79 (1H, d, J=8.2 Hz), 7.66 (1H, s), 7.43 (1H, dt, J=8.3, 4.0 Hz), 7.26 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 7.22 (2H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 7.05 (1H, d, J=2.3 Hz), 6.26-6.38 (1H, in), 6.12 (1H, dd, J=16.8, 2.2 Hz), 5.66-5.72 (1H, in), 4.58-4.67 (4H, in), 4.50 (2H, s), 4.22 (2H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-123.98 (1F, s). m/z (ESI, +ve) 480.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 4 Compounds 4-2 to 4-9 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 4, Steps 1-4, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Method changes Reagent 4-2

1-(6-(6-bromo-5- chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-2,6- diazaspiro[3.3]hept- 2-yl)-2-propen-1- one Omit steps 3 & 4 — 4-3

1-(6-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- methoxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-2,6- diazaspiro[3.3]hep- tan-2-yl)-2-propen- 1-one Omit step 4 — 4-4

N-(1-(6-bromo-5- chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)-3- azetidinyl)-2- propenamide Omit steps 3 & 4 Step 1: 3-N- boc-amino- azetidine, HCl salt (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 4-5

N-(1-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- methoxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-3-azetidinyl)- 2-propenamide Omit step 4 Step 1: 3-N- boc-amino- azetidine, HCl salt (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 4-6

N-(1-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)-3-azetidinyl)- 2-propenamide — Step 1: 3-N- boc-amino- azetidine, HCl salt (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 4-7

1-(3-((6-bromo-5- chloro-7-fluoro- 2,1-benzothiazol- 3-yl)amino)-1- azetidinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit steps 3 & 4 Step 1: 1-boc-3- aminoazetidine (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA) 4-8

1-((3R)-3-((6- bromo-5-chloro-7- fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3- yl)amino)-1- piperidinyl)-2- propen-1-one Omit steps 3 & 4 Step 1: (R)-tert- butyl 3- aminopiperidine- 1-carboxylate (AstaTech, Inc., Bristol, PA, USA) 4-9

1-((3R)-3-((5- chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3- hydroxynaphthalen- 1-yl)benzo[c] isothiazol-3- yl)amino)piperidin- 1-yl)prop-2-en-1- one — Step 1: (R)-tert- butyl 3- aminopiperidine- 1-carboxylate (AstaTech, Inc., Bristol, PA, USA)

Method 5 Example 5-1: N-(1-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-azetidinyl)-N-methyl-2-propenamide

Step 1: 2-Amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzamide. A mixture of (3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)boronic acid (2.04 g, 10.1 mmol), 2-amino-4-bromo-5-chloro-3-fluorobenzamide (Intermediate B (1.93 g, 7.20 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.832 g, 0.720 mmol), sodium carbonate (1.2 mL, 28.8 mmol) in water (9.6 mL), and 1,4-dioxane (38.4 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was then filtered through a pad of Celite, washing with EtOAc. The filtrate was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The organic extract was washed with brine (30 mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solution was then filtered and the filtrated concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in MeOH (5 mL), and the suspended solid collected by filtration, washed with MeOH, and dried to give 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzamide. Chromatographic purification of the concentrated filtrate (silica gel, 0% to 100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) provided additional 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzamide. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.01-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.55 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 345.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 2-Amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzothioamide. To a solution of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzamide (2.11 g, 6.12 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (41 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (1.49 mL, 3.67 mmol), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (60 mL) and sequentially washed with 2 M HCl (60 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (60 mL), and brine (60 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was sonicated in DCM (5 mL), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with DCM, and dried in vacuo provide 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzothioamide. Chromatographic purification of the filtrate (silica gel, 0% to 100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) gave additional 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzothioamide: m/z (ESI, +ve) 361.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine. Hydrogen peroxide solution (30% in water, 2.2 mL, 21.3 mmol) was slowly added to an ice-cooled solution of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzothioamide (1.92 g, 5.33 mmol) in pyridine (18 mL). The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stir at rt for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (60 mL), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, sequentially washed with water and MeOH, and dried in vacuo to give 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.14 (s, 2H), 7.99-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-124.71 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 359.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 3,5-Dichloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole. 5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine (1.55 g, 4.31 mmol) was added portion-wise over 15 min to a suspension of copper (II) chloride (0.870 g, 6.47 mmol) and tert-butyl nitrite (0.77 mL, 6.47 mmol) in acetonitrile (43 mL) at 65° C. The resulting mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 30 min and then cooled to ambient temperature and diluted with ice water (50 mL). The precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo. The residue was sonicated in DCM (10 mL), and the suspended solid was collected by filtration, washed with DCM, and dried in vacuo to recover unreacted 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-amine. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 3,5-dichloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.28 (m, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-122.17 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 378.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: tert-Butyl (1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)azetidin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate. A mixture of 3,5-dichloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (100 mg, 0.264 mmol), DIPEA (0.14 mL, 0.793 mmol), and 3-Boc-3-methylaminoazatidine (0.098 mL, 0.529 mmol, Beta Pharma Scientific, Inc.) in DMF (1.3 mL) was stirred at rt for 18 h. Ice water (3 mL) was then added, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 15 min. The precipitated solid was then collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to furnish tert-butyl (1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)azetidin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 528.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: N-(1-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-azetidinyl)-N-methyl-2-propenamide. The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl (1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)azetidin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate (131.1 mg, 0.248 mmol) in three steps following the procedure reported in Method 1, Step 8: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.89-10.10 (m, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.43 (ddd, J=8.2, 5.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.05 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J=16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.10-6.23 (m, 1H), 5.69-5.81 (m, 1H), 5.37-5.59 (m, 1H), 4.63-4.74 (m, 3H), 4.53-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.23 (m, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-124.10 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 468.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 5 Compounds 5-2 to 5-9 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 5, Steps 1-6, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Reagent 5-2

N-(1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-3- methyl-3-azetidinyl)-2- propenamide Step 5: 3-(Boc- amino)-3- methylazetidine hydrochloride (Advanced ChemBlocks, Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA) 5-3

N-(1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-3- (hydroxymethyl)-3- azetidinyl)-2-propenamide Step 5: tert-butyl 3- (hydroxymethyl) azetidin- 3-ylcarbamate (Oakwood Products, Inc. Estill, SC, USA) 5-4

1-((2S)-4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-2- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Step 5: (S)-1-N-boc- 2-methylpiperazine (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 5-5

1-((1R,5R)-6-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan- 2-yl)-2-propen-1-one Step 5: tert-butyl 2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylate (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) 5-6

1-((1S,5S)-6-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan- 2-yl)-2-propen-1-one Step 5: tert-butyl 2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylate (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) 5-7

1-((2R)-4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-2- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one Step 5: (R)-1-boc-2- methyl-piperazine (J&W Pharmlab, LLC, Levittown, PA, USA) 5-8

1-(cis-2-(5-chloro-7-fluoro- 6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan- 6-yl)-2-propen-1-one Step 5: 1-(2,6- diazabicyclo[3.2.0] heptan-6-yl)prop-2- en-1-one (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA)

5-9

1-(3-((5-chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxynaphthalen-1- yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3- yl)(methyl)amino)azetidin 1-yl)pro-2-en-1-one Step 5: 1- azetidinecarboxylic acid, 3- (methylamino)-, 1,1- dimethylethyl ester

Method 6 Example 6-1: 1-(4-(6-(6-Amino-3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D, 1.10 g, 2.45 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.86 g, 7.34 mmol), potassium acetate (0.61 mL, 9.8 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (0.537 g, 0.734 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (12 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 40 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0% to 100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) to provide tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 3.59 (br d, J=4.7 Hz, 4H), 3.44-3.54 (m, 4H), 1.43 (s, 9H), 1.35 (s, 5H), 1.15 (s, 7H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-125.11 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 498.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(6-amino-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A mixture of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (99.5 mg, 0.200 mmol), SPhos Pd G3 (17.3 mg, 0.020 mmol), 6-bromo-5-chloropyridin-2-amine (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA, 124 mg, 0.6 mmol), sodium carbonate (85 mg, 0.80 mmol) in water (0.25 mL), and 1,2-DCE (0.75 mL) was heated at 50° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0% to 100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) to give tert-butyl 4-(6-(6-amino-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 498.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 1-(4-(6-(6-Amino-3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. The title compound was prepared from tert-butyl 4-(6-(6-amino-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (31.6 mg, 0.063 mmol) in two steps following the procedure reported in Method 1, Step 8: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.97-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J=16.6, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 2H), 6.19 (dd, J=16.8, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.71-5.84 (m, 1H), 3.86 (br d, J=19.9 Hz, 4H), 3.63 (br d, J=1.0 Hz, 4H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-126.04 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 452.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 6 Compound 6-2 was prepared following the procedure described in Method 6, Steps 1-3, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Reagent 6-2

1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(3-chloro- 2-pyridinyl)-7-fluoro-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one Step 2: 2-bromo- 3-chloropyridine

Method 7 Example 7-1: 1-((3R)-4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one|1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: 2-Amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid. Prepared from Intermediate A using a procedure analogous to that described in Method 1, Step 7: m/z (ESI, +ve) 346.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: tert-Butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzoyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A mixture of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzoic acid (0.150 g, 0.434 mmol), TBTU (0.188 g, 0.586 mmol), tert-butyl 3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.123 g, 0.521 mmol), and DIPEA (0.23 mL, 1.302 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and the aqueous wash was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-40% EtOAc/heptane) provided tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzoyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 586 (M+Na)⁺.

Step 3: tert-Butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)phenylcarbonothioyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Lawesson's reagent (0.041 mL, 0.10 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzoyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.095 g, 0.168 mmol) in THF (4 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-30% EtOAc/heptane) to give tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)phenylcarbonothioyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 602.2 (M+Na)⁺.

Step 4: tert-Butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. NBS (0.022 g, 0.17 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(2-amino-5-chloro-3-fluoro-4-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)phenylcarbonothioyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate in THF (7 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and washed with 10% sodium thiosulfate. The aqueous wash was extracted with EtOAc, and the combined organic layers were then concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 578.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: 1-((3R)-4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one|1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Prepared using a procedure analogous to that described in Method 1, Step 8: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.13 (br. s., 1H) 8.12 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.80 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H) 7.43 (br t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H) 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H) 7.08 (dd, J=5.8, 2.2 Hz, 1H) 6.78-6.91 (m, 1H) 6.27-6.70 (m, 1H) 6.20 (dd, J=16.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H) 5.76-5.84 (m, 1H)₄.73-4.87 (m, 1H)₄.19-4.72 (m, 2H)₃.55-3.90 (m, 3H)₃.36-3.47 (m, 1H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 518.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 7 Compounds 7-2 and 7-3 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 7, Steps 1-5, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Reagent 7-2

1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro- 6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-3- (fluoromethyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen-1- one Step 2: 3- fluoromethyl- piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA)

7-3

methyl 1-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-4-(2- propenoyl)-2- piperazinecarboxylate Step 2: 4-boc- piperazine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA)

Method 8 Example 8-1: 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone

Step 1: 4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzamide. A mixture of 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzoic acid (23.3 g, 92 mmol) in thionyl chloride (67 mL, 0.92 mol) was stirred at 70° C. under a reflux condenser for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was taken up in 1,4-dioxane (200 mL), treated with ammonium hydroxide (30% aqueous, 82 mL, 0.64 mol), and stirred at rt for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzamide: m/z (ESI, +ve) 251.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 4-Bromo-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-((2-isopropylphenyl)carbamoyl)benzamide. A mixture of 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluorobenzamide (5.90 g, 23.4 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (1 M in DCM; 12.9 mL, 25.7 mmol) in DCE (100 mL) was stirred under a reflux condenser at 80° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to rt and 2-isopropylaniline (6.62 mL, 46.7 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min, then cooled to 0° C. The precipitated solid was removed by filtration, and the collected filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-((2-isopropylphenyl)carbamoyl)benzamide: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.06 (br. s., 1H) 10.31 (s, 1H) 7.97-8.05 (m, 2H) 7.82 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H) 7.32-7.38 (m, 1H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 2H) 3.11 (spt, J=6.8 Hz, 1H) 1.24 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.6 (s, 1 F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 412.7 and 414.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 7-Bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (Intermediate F). KHMDS (1 M in THF, 8.30 mL, 8.30 mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-fluoro-N-((2-isopropylphenyl)carbamoyl)benzamide (1.56 g, 3.77 mmol) in THF (19 mL) at −20° C., and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to rt over 1 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2×100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in DCM (5 mL), sonicated, collected by filtration, and dried in vacuo to give 7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.43 (br. s., 1H) 8.29 (s, 1H) 7.55-7.59 (m, 2H) 7.39-7.44 (m, 1H) 7.16 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H) 6.75 (s, 1H) 2.59-2.77 (m, 1H) 1.17-1.24 (m, 3H) 1.11 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 392.9 and 395.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. A mixture of 7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (Intermediate F, 1.17 g, 2.96 mmol), (2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid (2.02 g, 11.9 mmol), SPhos Pd G3 (0.128 g, 0.148 mmol), and potassium carbonate (2 M in water, 4.45 mL, 8.90 mmol) in DME (30 mL) was stirred at 85° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3×100 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc in heptane) gave 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.90 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H) 8.11 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H) 7.53-7.59 (m, 1H) 7.48 (tt, J=7.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.38-7.44 (m, 1H) 7.32-7.37 (m, 2H) 6.93 (dd, J=8.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H) 6.86 (t, J=8.7 Hz, 1H) 6.15 (s, 1H) 3.66 (d, J=30 Hz, 3H) 2.73 (dq, J=14.2, 7.0 Hz, 1H) 1.11 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H) 1.03 (dd, J=12.7, 6.8 Hz, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.8 (s, 1F)-115.2 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 439.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: 4,6-Dichloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. To a solution of 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (0.395 g, 0.900 mmol) and Et3N (0.753 mL, 5.40 mmol) in acetonitrile (9 mL) was added phosphorus oxychloride (0.503 mL, 5.40 mmol), and the resulting solution was stirred at 80° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 4,6-dichloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 457.1 (M+H)⁺.

Alternative procedure for Step 5 (used as noted in the table below): To a stirred mixture of the product from Step 4 (1.0 equiv.), triethylamine (18.0 equiv.), and 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (12 equiv.) in acetonitrile (0.07 M) was added phosphorus oxychloride (6.0 equiv.), and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was then poured slowly into rapidly stirred water (100 mL) at 10° C. The aqueous suspension was stirred for 15 min before being extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a benzotriazole adduct intermediate that was used directly in Step 6.

Step 6: tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A solution of 4,6-dichloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (obtained from Method 8, Step 5), tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.335 g, 1.80 mmol), and Et₃N (0.753 mL, 5.40 mmol) in DCE (9 mL) was stirred at 60° C. for 20 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3×75 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-60% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) provided tert-butyl 4-(6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 607.3 (M+H)⁺.

Note: When (S)-1-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate was used, it was synthesized as follows:

(S)-1-(3-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate

Step 6-a: (S)-tert-Butyl 4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate. Acryloyl chloride (1.34 mL, 16.5 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)-1-boc-2-methyl-piperazine (3.00 g, 15.0 mmol, Boc Sciences, Shirley, N.Y.) in THF (30.0 mL) at −10° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 5 min. Triethylamine (6.26 mL, 44.9 mmol) was then slowly added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 15 min, then allowed to warm to rt. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 x), and the organic layers were then combined, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc in heptane) furnished (S)-tert-butyl 4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 6.72-6.85 (m, 1H) 6.10-6.18 (m, 1H) 5.68-5.76 (m, 1H) 4.08-4.32 (m, 2H) 3.68-4.03 (m, 2H) 2.86-3.14 (m, 2H) 2.66-2.80 (m, 1H) 1.38-1.43 (s, 9H) 0.96-1.04 (m, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 277.3 (M+Na)⁺.

Step 6-b: (S)-1-(3-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate. A mixture of (S)-tert-butyl 4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (3.21 g, 12.62 mmol) and TFA (4.7 mL, 63.1 mmol) in DCM (16 mL) was stirred at rt for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo to give (S)-1-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.70-8.99 (m, 1H) 6.74-6.91 (m, 1H) 6.12-6.26 (m, 1H) 5.70-5.84 (m, 1H) 4.25-4.44 (m, 1H) 4.07-4.25 (m, 1H) 3.49-3.53 (m, 1H) 3.22-3.32 (m, 2H) 2.92-3.08 (m, 2H) 1.14-1.29 (m, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 155.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7: 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. A solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.594 g, 0.978 mmol) in TFA (4 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 507.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: 4-(4-Acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. To an ice-cooled solution of 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one and DIPEA (0.85 mL, 4.9 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) at 0° C. was added acryloyl chloride (0.079 mL, 0.98 mmol), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3×75 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, decanted, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) gave 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.86 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H) 7.41-7.54 (m, 2H) 7.29-7.37 (m, 2H) 7.14 (dt, J=7.8, 1.7 Hz, 1H) 6.70-6.79 (m, 2H) 6.58-6.68 (m, 1H) 6.50 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H) 6.39 (dd, J=16.8, 1.8 Hz, 1H) 5.75-5.84 (m, 1H) 3.79-4.06 (m, 8H) 3.75 (s, 2H) 3.66 (s, 1H) 2.69 (tt, J=13.4, 6.8 Hz, 1H) 1.20-1.24 (m, 3H) 1.07 (dd, J=6.8, 3.9 Hz, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) 6-113.05 (s, 1F)-113.55 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 561.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9: 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone. BBr₃ (1 M in DCE, 3.3 mL, 3.3 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled solution of 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (0.372 g, 0.663 mmol) in DCE (1.7 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min, then allowed to warm to rt and stir at rt for 2 h. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃was added to the reaction mixture, followed by EtOAc (150 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3×100 mL). The organic layer was then dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) provided 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.06 (br. d., J=15.1 Hz, 1H) 8.03 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H) 7.51-7.56 (m, 1H) 7.45 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H) 7.33 (tdd, J=7.5, 7.5, 3.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 2H) 6.84 (dd, J=16.8, 10.4 Hz, 1H) 6.62-6.74 (m, 2H) 6.14-6.26 (m, 2H) 5.71-5.78 (m, 1H) 3.71-3.99 (m, 8H) 2.52-2.59 (m, 1H) 1.02-1.12 (m, 6H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-113.6 (s, 1F)-114.8 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI, +ve) 547.1 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 8 Compounds 8-2 to 8-6 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 8, Steps 1-9, above as follows: Method Starting Ex.# Chemical Structure Name changes material Reagents 8-2

6-chloro-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)- 4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl) pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one Omit Steps 7 and 8 2,5,6- trichloro- nicotinic acid Step 4: sodium carbonate Step 6: 1-(piperazin-1- yl)prop-2-en-1- one (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) 8-3

6-chloro-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1- (2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone — 4-bromo- 5-chloro- 2- fluoro- benzoic acid Step 6: (S)- tert-butyl 3- methylpiperazine- 1-carboxylate (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA) 8-4

6-chloro-1-(2,6- diethylphenyl)- 7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 4-((2,S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl) pyrido [2,3- d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one Omit steps 7 and 8 2,5,6- trichloro- nicotinic acid Step 2: 2,6- diethylaniline, Step 5: benzotriazole, Step 6: (S)-1- (3- methylpiperazin- 1-yl)prop-2-en- 1-one 2,2,2- trifluoroacetate (See Step 6 note for synthesis) 8-5

6-chloro-1-(4- cyclopropyl-3- pyridinyl)-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone — 4-bromo- 5-chloro- 2- fluoro- benzoic acid Step 2: 4- cyclopropylpyridin- 3-amine (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA), 1,4- dioxane/water. 100° C. 8-6

6-chloro-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)- 4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1- (2-(2- propanyl)phenyl) pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one Omit steps 7 and 8 2,5,6- trichloro- nicotinic acid Step 4: sodium carbonate Step 6: (S)-1- (3- methylpiperazin- 1-yl)prop-2-en- 1-one 2,2,2- trifluoroacetate (See Step 6 note for synthesis)

Method 9 Example 9-1: 6-Chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)-2-methyl-4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone

Step 1: 7-Bromo-4,6-dichloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. To a mixture of 7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (Intermediate F, 470 mg, 1.194 mmol) and DIPEA (0.623 mL, 3.58 mmol) in acetonitrile (11.4 mL) was added phosphorus oxychloride (0.915 mL, 5.97 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h, then cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo to give 7-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 413.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: (S)-4-(4-Acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. A mixture of 7-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (492 mg, 1.19 mmol), (S)-4-N-boc-2-methyl piperazine (478 mg, 2.39 mmol), and DIPEA (0.623 mL, 3.58 mmol) in DMF (2.3 mL) was stirred at rt for 10 min. Ice water (10 mL) was then added, and the resulting mixture stirred for 15 min. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried in vacuo to give (S)-tert-butyl 4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI, +ve) 577.1 (M+H)⁺.

TFA (2.0 mL, 26.8 mmol) was added to a solution of (S)-tert-butyl 4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)-3-methylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (297 mg, 0.516 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min. Concentration of the resulting mixture in vacuo provided (S)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-(2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 477.0 (M+H)⁺.

Acryloyl chloride (0.258 M in DCM, 4.0 mL, 1.031 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled mixture of (S)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-4-(2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one and DIPEA (0.269 mL, 1.547 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. Concentration in vacuo followed by chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) gave (S)-4-(4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.91-8.08 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.41 (br d, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (br s, 1H), 6.76-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.09-6.29 (m, 1H), 5.75 (br s, 1H), 4.61-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.23-4.48 (m, 1H), 3.93-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.49 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.28 (m, 1H), 2.94-3.24 (m, 1H), 1.27 (br d, J=9.3 Hz, 6H), 1.09 (br s, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 531.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: (S)-4-(4-Acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. A mixture of (S)-4-(4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (120 mg, 0.226 mmol), 2-(2,3-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (82 mg, 0.272 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (96 mg, 0.906 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)₄ (26.2 mg, 0.023 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1.6 mL) and water (0.4 mL) was heated at 90° C. for 17 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-100% (3:1) EtOAc-EtOH in heptane) to provide (S)-4-(4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 627.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 6-Chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)-2-methyl-4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone. BBr₃ (1 M in hexanes, 0.32 mL, 0.320 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled mixture of (S)-4-(4-acryloyl-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (40 mg, 0.064 mmol) and DCE (1.0 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2.0 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with (2:1) DCM/MeOH (5 mL). The organic extract was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-10% MeOH in DCM) gave 6-chloro-7-(2,3-dichloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)-2-methyl-4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.42 (br d, J=17.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86-8.11 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.47 (br t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.44-6.58 (m, 1H), 6.11-6.29 (m, 2H), 5.71-5.82 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.98 (m, 1H), 3.96-4.52 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.51 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.26 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.41 (m, 3H), 0.95-1.13 (m, 6H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 611.0 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 9 Compounds 9-2 to 9-14 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 9, Steps 1-4, above as follows: Method Starting Ex.# Chemical Structure Name changes material Reagent 9-2

7-bromo-6-chloro- 4-((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2- (2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone Omits Steps 3 and 4 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(2- isopropyl- phenyl) quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione — 9-3

7-(5-amino-2- chlorophenyl)-6- chloro-4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2- (2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone Omit Step 4 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(2- isopropyl- phenyl) quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Step 3: (5- amino-2- chlorophenyl) boronic acid hydrochloride (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA USA) 9-4

1-(2-(2- butanyl)phenyl)-6- chloro-7-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-4-(4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 7-bromo-1- (2-(sec- butyl)phenyl)- 6- chloro- quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Method 8, Step 2: (2-sec- butylphenyl) amine (Key Organics Inc., Bedford, MA, USA), Step 2: 1-boc- piperazine, Step 3: (3- methoxy- naphthalen-1- yl)boronic acid (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, IL, USA), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C.

9-5

3-(6-chloro-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-2- oxo-4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1(2H)- quinazolinyl) benzonitrile SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 3-(7-bromo- 6-chloro-2,4- dioxo-3,4- dihydro- quinazolin- 1(2H)- yl) benzonitrile Method 8, Step 2: 3- aminobenzo- nitrile (Frontier Scientific Services, Inc., Newark, DE, USA), Step 2: 1-boc- piperazine, Step 3: 2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C. 9-6

6-chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl-4- pyridinyl)-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- (4-(2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4- yl)quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Method 8, Step 2: 3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4-amine (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA), Step 2: 1-boc- piperazine, Step 3: 2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C. 9-7-2

6-chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl-4- pyridinyl)-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- ((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone [2^(nd) eluting isomer] SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4- yl)quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Method 8, Step 2: 3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4-amine (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA), Step 3: 2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C. 9-7-1

6-chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl-4- pyridinyl)-7-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- ((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone [1^(st) eluting isomer] SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4- yl)quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Method 8, Step 2: 3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4-amine (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA), Step 3: 2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C. 9-9

6-chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl-4- pyridinyl)-7-(5- methyl-1H-indazol- 4-yl)-4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3, omit step 4 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4- yl)quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Method 8, Step 2: 3- cyclopropyl- pyridin-4-amine, (Combi-Phos Catalysts Inc. Trenton, NJ, USA), Step 3: 4-borono-5- methyl-1h- indazole (Ark- Pharm Inc.), SPhos Pd G3, K₂CO₃, 1,4- dioxane/water, 100° C. 9-10

6-chloro-7-(2,3- dichlorophenyl)-4- ((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2- (2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone Omit Step 4 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(2- isopropyl- phenyl) quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Step 3: 2,3- dichloro- benzene- boronic acid (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA) 9-11

6-chloro-7-(2- dichlorophenyl)-4- ((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2- (2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)- quinazolinone Omit Step 4 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(2- isopropyl- phenyl) quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Step 3: 2- chlorobenzene- boronic acid (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA) 9-12

7-(1H-benzotriazol- 1-yl)-6-chloro-1- (2,6- diethylphenyl)-4- ((2S)-2-methyl-4- (2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3. Omit steps 2-2 and 2- 3; compound isolated in step 2-1 2,5,6- trichloro- nicotinic acid Method 8 Step 2: 2,6- diethylaniline. Step 1: benzotriazole (see Method 8, step 5 alternate conditions), Step 2-1: (S)-1- (3- methylpiperazin- 1-yl)prop-2- en-1-one 2,2,2- trifluoroacetate (See Method 8 Step 6 note for synthesis) 9-13

6-chloro-7-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-1-(2- (2-propanyl) phenyl)-4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone — 7-bromo-6- chloro-1-(2- isopropyl- phenyl) quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)- dione Step 1: benzotriazole (see Method 8, step 5 alternate conditions), Step 2-1: tert-butyl piperazine-1- carboxylate Step 2-3: NEt₃ Step 3: SPhos Pd G3, (3- methoxy- naphthalen-1- yl)boronic acid, DME 9-14

6-chloro-1-((1R)- 2,2- dimethylcyclohexyl)- 7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- (4-(2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one|6- chloro-1-((1S)-2,2- dimethylcyclohexyl)- 7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- (4-(2-propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidin- 2(1H)-one SM prepared according to Method 8, steps 1- 3 Omit steps 2-2, 2-3 and 4 2,5,6- trichloro- nicotinic acid Method 8 Step 2: 2,2- dimethylcyclo- hexan-1-amine Step 2(1): 1- (piperazin-1- yl)prop-2-en-1- one (eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) Step 3: SPhos Pd G3, 2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl boronic acid Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), DME

Method 10 Example 10-1: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: 6,7-Dichloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (Intermediate G). Hydrazine (0.232 mL, 10.1 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5,6-dichloroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (2.00 g, 9.22 mmol, TCI America, Portland, Oreg., USA) and ethanol (30 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h before being cooled to rt. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water to give 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: m/z (ESI, +ve) 231.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 6-Chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione. A mixture of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (Intermediate G, 3.80 g, 16.45 mmol), 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (10.26 g, 65.8 mmol, Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA), SPhos Pd G3 (1.423 g, 1.645 mmol), and 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (32.9 mL, 65.8 mmol) in DME (60 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with water (200 mL) and EtOAc (300 mL). The aqueous layer was separated, acidified with 5 N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in DCM (50 mL) and collected by filtration to give 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: m/z (ESI, +ve) 307.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione. tert-Butyl(chloro)diphenylsilane (2.67 mL, 10.25 mmol) was added to an ice-cooled mixture of 6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (2.62 g, 8.54 mmol) and TEA (4.75 mL, 34.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (40 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min, then warmed to rt and stirred for 1.5 h. Additional tert-butyl(chloro)diphenylsilane (2.67 mL, 10.25 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. The reaction mixture was subsequently diluted with water (300 mL), acidified with 5 N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (300 mL). The organic layer was separated and sequentially washed with brine (250 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in DCM (200 mL), TFA (20 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min. The reaction mixture was then diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (200 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×250 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione: m/z (ESI, +ve) 545.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,7-trichlorophthalazine. Pyridine (1.45 mL, 17.1 mmol) was added to a mixture of 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (4.66 g, 8.55 mmol) and phosphorus oxychloride (6.39 mL, 68.4 mmol), and the resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to rt and slowly poured into stirred water (300 mL) while maintaining an internal temperature of <10° C. After stirring for 15 min, the resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (400 mL), and the organic extract was sequentially washed with brine (250 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-25% EtOAc in heptane) provided 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,7-trichlorophthalazine: m/z (ESI, +ve) 581.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H). 1-Boc-piperazine (5.00 g, 26.9 mmol) was added to a mixture of 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,7-trichlorophthalazine (5.21 g, 8.95 mmol) and triethylamine (3.77 mL, 26.9 mmol) in DCM (35 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 19 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between DCM (300 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (200 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc in heptane) gave a mixture of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 4-(7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,6-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. The individual regioisomers were isolated by chiral SFC purification (OJ-H column (30×250 mm, 5 pm), 15% (20 mM NH₃ in MeOH) in supercritical CO₂), providing tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate as the second-eluting isomer: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.27 (s, 1H) 8.17 (s, 1H) 7.56-7.61 (m, 4H) 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H) 7.31-7.37 (m, 4H) 6.99-7.07 (m, 1H) 6.77 (t, J=8.61 Hz, 1H) 6.42 (d, J=8.22 Hz, 1H) 3.72-3.77 (m, 4H) 3.53-3.59 (m, 4H) 1.51 (s, 9H) 0.66 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 731.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: 6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. Trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL, 26.8 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H, 1.21 g, 1.654 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (75 mL) and extracted with DCM (2×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine: m/z (ESI, +ve) 631.3 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7: 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Acryloyl chloride (0.148 mL, 1.81 mmol) was added to a mixture of 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine (1.04 g, 1.647 mmol) and triethylamine (0.694 mL, 4.94 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 45 min. Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (75 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: m/z (ESI, +ve) 685.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: 1-(4-(4,7-Dichloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate I). TBAF (1 M in THF, 3.3 mL, 3.30 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (1.13 g, 1.648 mmol) in THF (10 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc in heptane) to give 1-(4-(4,7-dichloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.26 (br s, 1H) 8.31 (s, 1H) 8.14 (s, 1H) 7.31-7.40 (m, 1H) 6.78-6.92 (m, 3H) 6.17 (dd, J=16.63, 2.35 Hz, 1H) 5.74 (dd, J=10.37, 2.35 Hz, 1H) 3.79-3.92 (m, 4H) 3.46-3.55 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 447.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(o-tolyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. A mixture of 1-(4-(4,7-dichloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate I, 25 mg, 0.056 mmol), 2-tolylboronic acid (30.4 mg, 0.224 mmol, Frontier Scientific Inc., Logan Utah, USA), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (6.46 mg, 5.59 μmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA), and 2M aqueous Na₂CO₃ (0.084 mL, 0.168 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (0.3 mL) was stirred at 40° C. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with water (15 mL). The organic layer was separated and sequentially washed with brine (15 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0-100% EtOAc in heptane) furnished 1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(o-tolyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.15 (br s, 1H) 8.33 (s, 1H) 7.36-7.45 (m, 2H) 7.24-7.36 (m, 4H) 6.90 (dd, J=16.63, 10.37 Hz, 1H) 6.70-6.80 (m, 2H) 6.18 (dd, J=16.73, 2.25 Hz, 1H) 5.75 (dd, J=10.56, 2.15 Hz, 1H) 3.83-3.97 (m, 4H) 3.47-3.62 (m, 4H) 1.98-2.06 (m, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 503.1 (M+H)⁺.

TABLE 10 Compounds 10-2 to 10-13 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 10, Steps 1-9, above as follows: Method Ex.# Chemical Structure Name changes Reagent 10-2

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2- methoxyphenyl) phthalazin- 1-yl)piperazin-1- yl)prop-2-en-1-one — Step 9: 2- methoxybenzeneboronic acid 10-3

1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(5- chloro-2- methylphenyl)-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: (5-chloro-2- methylphenyl)boronic acid (Combi-blocks Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 10-4

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2- (2-propanyl)phenyl)- 1-phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2- isopropylphenyl- boronic acid (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA) 10-5

1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(2- ethylphenyl)-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2- ethylbenzeneboronic acid (Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, MA, USA) 10-6

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4- methyl-3-pyridinyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 4- methylpyridine-3- boronic acid pinacol ester (run at 60° C.) 10-7

1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(2,6- dimethylphenyl)-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2,6- dimethylphenylboronic acid (run at 80° C.) 10-8

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-(2- methyl-3-pyridinyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2- methylpyridine-3- boronic acid pinacol ester (Frontier Scientific, Inc. Logan, UT, USA) 10-9

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4- (1H-indol-4-yl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 1H-indol-4-yl- 4-boronic acid 10-10

1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(2- cyclopropylphenyl)-6- (2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2- cyclopropylbenzene- boronic acid (Combi-Phos Catalysts, Inc., Trenton, NJ, USA) 10-11

1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(2- chlorophenyl)-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: 2- chlorophenylboronic acid (Matrix Scientific, Columbia, SC, USA) 10-12

1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2- fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-(5- methyl-1H-indazol-4- yl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one — Step 9: (5-methyl-1H- indazol-4-yl)boronic acid (Combi-Blocks, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) 10-13

1-(4-(4,7-dichloro-6- (2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1- phthalazinyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one Omit Step 9 —

Method 11 Example 11-1: 6-chloro-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone

Step 1: 4-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. Phosphorus oxychloride (1.204 mL, 7.85 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (Intermediate F, 515 mg, 1.308 mmol), triethylamine (3.31 mL, 23.55 mmol), and 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (2.01 g, 16.87 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and filtered. The filtrate was then poured slowly into rapidly stirred water (150 mL) at ˜10° C. The aqueous suspension was stirred for 15 min before being extracted two times with EtOAc (150 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give crude 4-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. m/z (ESI) M+H: 494.0.

Step 2: tert-butyl 4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (268 mg, 1.438 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of crude 4-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (647 mg, 1.308 mmol) and triethylamine (3.68 mL, 26.2 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (6 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with water (75 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (75 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 7.79 (1H, s) 7.49-7.59 (2H, m) 7.36-7.42 (1H, m) 7.11 (1H, d, J=7.63 Hz) 6.80 (1H, s) 3.79-3.92 (4H, m) 3.62-3.73 (4H, m) 2.60 (1H, spt, J=6.80 Hz) 1.49-1.54 (9H, m) 1.22 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz) 1.08 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 561.0.

Step 3: tert-butyl 4-(6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 4-(7-bromo-6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (115 mg, 0.205 mmol), 4-borono-5-methyl-1h-indazole (0.144 mL, 0.819 mmol, Ark Pharm Inc., Arlington Heights, Ill., USA), Sphos Pd G3 (0.016 mL, 0.020 mmol), and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 0.409 mL, 0.819 mmol) were mixed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1 mL) under an argon atmosphere in a sealed vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and water (40 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (40 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% (3:1 EtOAc/EtOH) in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. m/z (ESI) M+H: 613.2.

Step 4: 6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. Trifluoroacetic acid (0.5 mL, 6.71 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of tert-butyl 4-(6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (78 mg, 0.127 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give crude 6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one. m/z (ESI) M+H: 513.2.

Step 5: 6-chloro-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone. Acryloyl chloride (10.33 μl, 0.127 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 6-chloro-1-(2-isopropylphenyl)-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-2(1H)-one (65 mg, 0.127 mmol) and triethylamine (0.178 mL, 1.267 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. Additional acryloyl chloride (5.17 μl, 0.064 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for another 20 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (25 mL) and quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 80% (3:1 EtOAc/EtOH) in heptane) gave impure product. Further chromatographic purification of the impure product (silica gel, 0 to 100% acetone in heptane) gave the separated diastereomers. 6-chloro-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone (Example 11-1-1), was the first diastereomer to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 10.28 (1H, br s) 7.94 (1H, s) 7.35-7.49 (4H, m) 7.25-7.31 (2H, m) 7.11 (1H, d, J=7.67 Hz) 6.64 (1H, dd, J=16.79, 10.57 Hz) 6.54 (1H, s) 6.41 (1H, dd, J=16.79, 1.87 Hz) 5.81 (1H, dd, J=10.57, 1.66 Hz) 3.83-4.07 (8H, m) 2.74 (1H, spt, J=6.84 Hz) 2.13 (3H, s) 1.23 (3H, d, J=6.84 Hz) 1.04 (3H, d, J=6.84 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 567.2. The second diastereomer to elute was further purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 80% (3:1 EtOAc/EtOH) in heptane) to give 6-chloro-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-1-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone (Example 11-1-2). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 10.37 (1H, br s) 7.94 (1H, s) 7.34-7.50 (4H, m) 7.21-7.31 (2H, m) 7.13 (1H, d, J=7.67 Hz) 6.64 (1H, dd, J=16.90, 10.68 Hz) 6.55 (1H, s) 6.41 (1H, dd, J=16.79, 1.66 Hz) 5.81 (1H, dd, J=10.47, 1.55 Hz) 3.83-4.08 (8H, m) 2.70 (1H, spt, J=6.84 Hz) 2.13 (3H, s) 1.22 (3H, d, J=6.84 Hz) 1.03 (3H, d, J=6.84 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 567.2.

TABLE 11 Compounds 11-3 and 11-4 were prepared following the procedure described in Method 11, Steps 1-5, above as follows: Ex.# Chemical Structure Name Reagent Isomer 11-2-1

6-chloro-7-(5- methyl-1H-indazol- 4-yl)-4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)-quinazolinone Step 2: (S)-4-n- boc-2-methyl piperazine (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA), run at room temp overnight. 1^(st) eluting isomeric mixture 11-2-2

6-chloro-7-(5- methyl-1H-indazol- 4-yl)-4-((2S)-2- methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)- 2(1H)-quinazolinone Step 2: (S)-4-n- boc-2-methyl piperazine (CNH Technologies, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA), run at room temp overnight. 2^(nd) eluting isomeric mixture

Section 2-Individual Examples Example 12 1-(4-(7-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. To a 20 mL vial charged with tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H, 0.060 g, 0.082 mmol) was added [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane (0.033 g, 0.041 mmol) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL). The resulting mixture was capped and stirred at rt for 10 min before cyclopropylzinc bromide (0.5 M in THF, 0.820 mL, 0.410 mmol; Rieke Metals, Lincoln, Nebr., USA) was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 h before being cooled to rt and partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once more with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (24 g of silica gel, 0 to 30% acetone in heptane) to obtain tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) 6: 8.31-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.15-8.23 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.39-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 4H), 6.99-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.36-6.47 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.37-2.48 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 9H), 1.37-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.00-1.15 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.71 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 737.4.

Step 2: 6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. Trifluoroacetic acid (0.316 mL, 4.10 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate in DCM (0.7 mL). The resulting mixture was capped and stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (10 mL) and basified using saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once more with DCM (10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.30-8.36 (m, 1H), 8.18-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.33 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 6.97-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.36-6.46 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.16-3.26 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.46 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.06-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.70 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 637.2.

Step 3: 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. To a 20 mL vial charged with 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine (0.023 g, 0.036 mmol) was added triethylamine (16 pl, 0.114 mmol) and dichloromethane (1.0 mL). The resulting mixture was capped and stirred at rt for 10 min before acryloyl chloride (4.0 pl, 0.049 mmol) was added via syringe. The reaction mixture was capped and continued to stir at rt for 20 min. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3 mL) and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once more with DCM (5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.32-8.38 (m, 1H), 8.16-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 4H), 6.98-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.60-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.41-6.47 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.40 (m, 1H), 5.72-5.82 (m, 1H), 3.79-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.44-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.49 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.04-1.13 (m, 2H), 0.62-0.68 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 691.2.

Step 4: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-4-cyclopropyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. To a 20 mL vial charged with 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopropylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (0.022 g, 0.032 mmol) was added tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) followed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 M solution in THF, 0.070 mL, 0.070 mmol). The vial was capped and stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (24 g of silica, 0 to 5% MeOH in DCM) to obtain 1-(4-(7-chloro-4-cyclopropyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) 6: 8.30-8.37 (m, 1H), 8.11-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.73-5.84 (m, 1H), 3.73-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.40-2.52 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.03-1.14 (m, 2H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 453.2.

Example 13 1-(4-(4-Anilino-7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. To a 20 mL vial charged with tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (0.060 g, 0.082 mmol) was added dimethyl sulfoxide (2.0 mL) followed by aniline (0.075 mL, 0.820 mmol). The vial was capped and refluxed at 80° C. for 3 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2×10 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (40 g of silica, 0 to 30% EtOAc in heptane) to obtain tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.17-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.69 (m, 5H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.37 (m, 5H), 7.06-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.76-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.57-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.39-6.50 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.81 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.43 (m, 4H), 1.51-1.53 (m, 9H), 0.69-0.75 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 788.2.

Step 2: 7-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-N-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-amine. Analogous to Example 12, step 2, the reaction of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate delivered 7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-N-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-amine. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.19-8.26 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.68 (m, 5H), 7.49-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.37 (m, 5H), 7.02-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.75-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.43-6.53 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.47 (m, 4H), 3.16-3.27 (m, 4H), 0.70-0.76 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 688.2.

Step 3: 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 3, the reaction of 7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-N-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-amine delivered 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.16-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.67 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.32-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.02-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.77-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.46-6.51 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.39 (m, 2H), 5.73-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.86-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.53 (m, 4H), 0.69-0.75 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 742.3.

Step 4: 1-(4-(4-Anilino-7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 4, the reaction of 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-(phenylamino)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one delivered 1-(4-(4-anilino-7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) 6: 7.96-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.77 (m, 1H), 6.54-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.29-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.82 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.96 (m, 4H), 3.12-3.43 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 504.2.

Example 14 1-(4-(7-Chloro-4-cyclopentyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Analogous to Example 12, step 1, the reaction of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H) and cyclopentylzine bromide (0.5 M in THF, Rieke Metals, Lincoln, Nebr.,) delivered tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.18-8.22 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.09 (br d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.75-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.37-6.44 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.44-3.51 (m, 4H), 2.03-2.23 (m, 4H), 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.79 (m, 3H), 1.51-1.54 (m, 9H), 0.62-0.67 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 765.2.

Step 2: 6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. Analogous to Example 12, step 2, the reaction of tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate delivered 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.17-8.21 (m, 1H), 8.12-8.16 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.34-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 2H), 6.99-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.37-6.45 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.36 (m, 4H), 2.18-2.22 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.69-1.77 (m, 3H), 0.59-0.67 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 665.2.

Step 3: 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 3, the reaction of 6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentyl-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine delivered 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.18-8.25 (m, 1H), 8.13-8.17 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.37 (m, 4H), 6.99-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.43 (m, 2H), 5.73-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.84-4.07 (m, 4H), 3.71-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.65 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.67-1.77 (m, 4H), 0.62-0.67 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 719.2.

Step 4: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-4-cyclopentyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 4, the reaction of 1-(4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-7-chloro-4-cyclopentylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one delivered 1-(4-(7-chloro-4-cyclopentyl-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.10-8.22 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.61-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.44 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.82-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.63 (m, 4H), 2.06-2.24 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.79 (m, 2H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 481.2.

Example 15 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. To a 20 mL vial charged with tert-butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H, 0.060 g, 0.082 mmol) was added piperidine (1.0 mL, 10.10 mmol). The vial was capped and heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to obtain tert-butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.09-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.97-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.35 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.88 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.44 (m, 8H), 1.72-1.81 (m, 4H), 1.61-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.48-1.53 (m, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 542.2.

Step 2: 2-(7-Chloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol. Analogous to Example 12, step 2, the reaction of tert-butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate delivered 2-(7-chloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.09-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.95-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.83-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.82 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.48 (m, 4H), 3.31-3.38 (m, 4H), 3.12-3.21 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.69 (m, 2H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 442.2.

Step 3: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 3, the reaction of 2-(7-chloro-1-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(piperidin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol delivered 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.08-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.98-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.43 (m, 1H), 5.72-5.84 (m, 1H), 3.77-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.38 (m, 4H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.70 (m, 2H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 496.2.

Example 16 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxy-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxyphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A dry 50 mL rbf was charged with phenol (0.130 g, 1.381 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (3.0 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. before potassium t-butoxide (0.153 g, 1.367 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min before being warmed tort and stirred for 30 min. tert-Butyl 4-(6-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate H, 0.100 g, 0.137 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated at 60° C. for 2 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and quenched with water. The resulting mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (30 mL) and water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted once more with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (40 g of silica, 10 to 50% acetone) to obtain tert-butyl 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxyphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate: m/z (ESI) M+H: 551.2.

Step 2: 2-(7-chloro-4-phenoxy-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol. Analogous to Example 12, step 2, the reaction of 4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxyphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate delivered. 2-(7-chloro-4-phenoxy-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.37-8.42 (m, 1H), 8.14-8.19 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.87 (m, 4H), 3.36-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.13-3.22 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 451.2.

Step 3: 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxy-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Analogous to Example 12, step 3, the reaction of 2-(7-chloro-4-phenoxy-1-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazin-6-yl)-3-fluorophenol delivered 1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenoxy-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 8.41-8.45 (m, 1H), 8.17-8.20 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.59-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.97-6.06 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.76-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.53 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 505.2.

Examples 17-1 and 17-2 (2E)-1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one (Example 17-1) and (2E)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one (Example 17-2)

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A slurry of tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D, 459 mg, 1.02 mmol), (3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)boronic acid (823 mg, 4.07 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.33 g, 4.07 mmol) in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) and water (2 mL) was degassed with an argon stream. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (118 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added, and the mixture was again degassed with an Argon stream. The reaction mixture was sealed and heated at 100° C. for 23 h. The reaction was allowed to cool to rt, diluted with brine (60 mL), and extracted two times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-2% MeOH in DCM) to provide tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. m/z (ESI) M+H: 528.0.

Step 2: 5-Chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole. To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (327 mg, 0.56 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.04 mL, 13.9 mmol) via syringe. The resulting yellow solution was stirred at rt for 4 h and then was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-25% MeOH in DCM) to provide the mono-TFA salt of 5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole. m/z (ESI) M+H: 428.0.

Step 3: (2E)-1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one. To a solution of 5-chloro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (74 mg of the mono-TFA salt, 0.14 mmol) and trans-4-dimethylaminocrotonoic acid hydrochloride (38 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMA (2 mL) was added thionyl chloride (41 Q L, 0.69 mmol) via syringe. The resulting brown solution was stirred at rt for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with 8:1 DCM/MeOH. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-15% MeOH in DCM) to provide (2E)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.61-6.72 (m, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.68 (m, 4H), 3.07 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (s, 6H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 539.2.

Step 4: (2E)-1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one. To a solution of (2E)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one (23.5 mg, 0.044 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL) at 0° C. was added boron tribromide (1.0 M in hexanes, 218 DL, 0.22 mmol) dropwise via syringe. The resulting yellow slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 2.75 h and then quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (4 mL). The mixture was extracted two times with a 4:1 mixture of DCM/MeOH. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-18% MeOH in DCM) to provide (2E)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-buten-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.07 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 6H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 525.0.

Examples 18-1 to 18-3 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one. (Example 18-1) and 2-(bromomethyl)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one (Example 18-2) and 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one (Example 18-3)

Step 1: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one. A vial was charged with a solution of 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate O, 29 mg, 0.06 mmol) in tert-butanol (0.4 mL) and water (0.4 mL). Phenol (5.7 mg, 0.06 mmol), DABCO (20.3 mg, 0.18 mmol) and formaldehyde (37% aqueous solution, 24 QL, 0.24 mmol) were added sequentially. The resulting solution was sealed and heated at 55° C. for 29 h. The reaction was cooled to rt and partitioned between water (6 mL) and 10:1 DCM/MeOH. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted two more times with 10:1 DCM/MeOH. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-3.5% MeOH in DCM) to provide 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (br. s, 1H), 5.20 (br. s, 1H), 5.14 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.54-3.66 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 512.0.

Step 2: 2-(Bromomethyl)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one and 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one. To a solution of 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propen-1-one (17.1 mg, 0.033 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL) at 0° C. was added boron tribromide solution (1.0 M in hexanes, 167 QL, 0.17 mmol) dropwise via syringe. The resulting slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 40 min before being quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (5 mL). The mixture was extracted twice with a 4:1 mixture of DCM/MeOH. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-7% MeOH in DCM) to give two products.

First-eluting peak: 2-(bromomethyl)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.96 (br. s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.78 (s, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 3.84-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 560.0

Second-eluting peak: 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (br. s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (br. s, 1H), 5.20 (br. s, 1H), 5.07-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.12 (br. s, 2H), 3.78-3.86 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.66 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 498.0

Examples 19-1 to 19-3 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one (Example 19-1) and 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one (Example 19-2) and 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one (Example 19-3)

Step 1: tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A slurry of Intermediate D (232 mg, 0.51 mmol), 5-methoxy-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole (535 mg, 1.95 mmol, see synthesis below) and cesium carbonate (636 mg, 1.95 mmol) in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) and water (2 mL) was degassed with an Argon stream. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (59 mg, 0.05 mmol) was added and the mixture was again degassed with an Argon stream. The reaction mixture was sealed and heated at 100° C. for 18 h. The reaction was allowed to cool to rt and partitioned between brine (40 mL) and EtOAc. The aqueous later was twice extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-4.5% DCM/MeOH) to provide tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 518.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.90 (br. s, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.61-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.54-3.60 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H).

5-methoxy-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole. A suspension of 7-bromo-5-methoxy-1H-indazole (1.00 g, 4.40 mmol, Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, Ill., USA), potassium acetate (1.30 g, 13.2 mmol) and bis(pinocolato)diboron (1.23 g, 4.84 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was degassed with an Argon stream. Added [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(ii) complex with dichloromethane (108 mg, 0.13 mmol) and again degassed with an Argon stream. The reaction mixture was sealed and heated at 80° C. for 2 d. The reaction was allowed to cool to rt and partitioned between water (50 mL) and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was twice extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 2-65% EtOAc/heptane) to provide 5-methoxy-7-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 275.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (115 mg, 0.22 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 44.5 mg, 1.1 mmol). After 10 min, iodomethane (69 Q L, 1.1 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred at rt for an additional 15 min before being partitioned between saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) and DCM. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with DCM and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated to afford a mixture of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. The crude mixture was used in the subsequent step without purification. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 532.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate J) and 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate K). To a solution of the crude mixture of mixture of tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate and tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (143 mg) in DCM (6 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (484 DL, 6.5 mmol) via syringe. The resulting solution was stirred at rt for 25 min and then was concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-25% DCM/MeOH).

First-eluting peak: The mono-TFA salt of 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate J). LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 432.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.36-3.42 (m, 4H).

Second-eluting peak: The mono-TFA salt of 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate K). LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 432.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. To an ice-cooled slurry of the mono-TFA salt of Intermediate J (108 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added DIPEA (104 DL, 0.60 mmol) followed by acryloyl chloride (24 DL, 0.30 mmol) dropwise via syringe. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h and was then quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (15 mL) and extracted twice with DCM. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-7% DCM/MeOH) to provide 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 486.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J=16.6, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (dd, J=16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J=10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.85-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.56 (s, 3H).

Step 5: 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. To an ice-cooled solution of 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (72.5 mg, 0.15 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) was added boron tribromide solution (1.0 M in hexanes, 746 □L, 0.75 mmol) dropwise via syringe. The resulting slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 3.75 h and was then quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution (5 mL) and extracted twice with a 4:1 mixture of DCM/MeOH. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent: 0-6% DCM/MeOH) to provide 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 472.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.18 (dd, J=16.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J=10.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.81-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.52 (s, 3H).

For the synthesis of 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one.

Using Intermediate K from Step 3, Steps 4 and 5 were performed as above to deliver 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-indazol-7-yl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. LCMS-ESI (POS.) m/z: 472.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.28 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.18 (dd, J=16.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J=10.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.66 (m, 4H).

Example 20 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methylidene-1-butanone

Step 1: 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylenebutan-1-one. To a solution of 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-2-methylenebutanoic acid (101 mg, 0.29 mmol, prepared according to Pihko, P. M., J Org. Chem., 2006, 71, 2538-2541 and Greaney, M. F., Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 1931-1934) in DCM (2 mL) was added a 2M solution of oxalyl chloride (0.21 mL, 0.43 mmol) at 0° C. followed by a catalytic amount of DMF (5 □L). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo then diluted with DCM (1 mL) and added to a solution of 5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazole (Intermediate N, 122 mg, 0.29 mmol), triethylamine (0.20 mL, 1.43 mmol), and DCM (2 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and DMAP (2 mg, 0.016 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 h then concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: 0-50% EtOAc:heptanes) to give 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylenebutan-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.52-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.40 (m, 6H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.19 (m, 1H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 6H), 3.53 (br s, 2H), 3.31 (s, 4H), 1.01 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI) M+H: 764.

Step 2: 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methylidene-1-butanone. To a solution of 4-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylenebutan-1-one (85 mg, 0.11 mmol) and DCM (2 mL) was added a 2M solution of BBr₃ (0.28 mL, 0.56 mmol) in DCM at 0° C. The reaction mixture was quenched with water, concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel column chromatography (elution with 0-50% heptane/3:1 EtOAc:EtOH) to afford 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methylidene-1-butanone. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.93 (br s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=12 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 3.83 (br s, 4H), 3.63 (br s, 4H), 3.53 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ-123.8 (s, 1F). m/z (ESI) M+H: 512.

Example 21 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(7-hydroxy-5-quinolinyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(7-hydroxy-5-quinolinyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one was made from Intermediate D by Method 1 using 7-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline (synthesis below) with the following changes: in Step 7, S-Phos Pd G3, aqueous potassium carbonate, and DME were used; in Step 8-1, TFA/DCM was used; in Step 8-2, DCE was used as solvent; and in Step 8-3, boron tribromide solution (1.0 M in DCE) was used to give 1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(7-hydroxy-5-quinolinyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.81 (dd, J=4.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H) 7.72-7.78 (m, 2H) 7.64 (s, 1H) 7.28 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H) 7.16 (dd, J=8.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H) 6.56-6.66 (m, 1H) 6.40 (dd, J=16.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H) 5.78-5.87 (m, 1H) 4.01 (br. s., 2H) 3.89 (br. s., 2H) 3.50-3.60 (m, 4H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) 6-121.33 (s, 1 F). MS (ESI, +ve) m z: 469.1 (M+1)⁺.

7-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline. A solution of 5-bromo-7-methoxyquinoline (0.407 g, 1.71 mmol, OxChem, Wood Dale, Ill., USA), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (0.912 g, 3.59 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (0.051 g, 0.070 mmol), and potassium acetate (0.503 g, 5.13 mmol) in DMF (9 mL) was stirred at 90° C. for 1 h then at 100° C. for 45 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), and washed with saturated, aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2×75 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was adsorbed onto silica and purified via column chromatography (silica gel, 0-80% heptane/EtOAc) to give 7-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)quinoline. MS (ESI, +ve) m z: 286.1 (M+1)⁺.

Example 22 1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-4-(2-propenoyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid

To a solution of methyl 4-acryloyl-1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-2-carboxylate (Example 7-3, 0.022 g, 0.042 mmol) in THF/EtOH (1:1; 6 mL) at 0° C. was added NaOH (5 N aq.; 1.0 mL, 5.0 mmol), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 5 min. The reaction was acidified with 5 N HCl at 0° C., extracted with EtOAc, and purified by HPLC to afford 1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-4-(2-propenoyl)-2-piperazinecarboxylic acid. m/z (ESI, +ve) 512.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 3.14-3.28 (m, 1H) 3.52-3.87 (m, 3H) 4.15-5.03 (m, 2H) 5.15-5.23 (m, 1H) 5.77-5.83 (m, 1H) 6.13-6.24 (m, 1H) 6.86 (br. s., 1H) 7.06-7.12 (m, 1H) 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H) 7.38-7.49 (m, 1H) 7.76-7.84 (m, 1H) 8.07-8.13 (m, 1H) 9.98 (br. s., 1H) 13.42 (br. s., 1H).

Example 23 1-(4-(5-chloro-6-(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Example 23 was made as described in Method 1 using (5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)boronic acid (see synthesis below) in Step 7, and omitting Step 8-3. m/z (ESI, +ve) 482.0 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.92-13.19 (1H, m), 8.02-8.21 (1H, m), 7.47-7.60 (2H, m), 7.02-7.09 (1H, m), 6.80-6.93 (1H, m), 6.15-6.25 (1H, m), 5.71-5.82 (1H, m), 3.80-3.96 (4H, m), 3.60-3.72 (4H, m), 1.55-1.74 (1H, m), 0.72-0.79 (2H, m), 0.58-0.71 (2H, m).

(5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)boronic acid

Step 1: 2-bromo-1-cyclopropyl-4-fluorobenzene. To a 2-L round bottom flask at ambient temperature was added 2-bromo-4-fluoro-1-iodobenzene (22 g, 73.1 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic acid (12.6 g, 146 mmol) in cyclopentyl methyl ether (1.1 L). Na₂CO₃ (2 M aq.; 183 mL) was added, and the reaction was degassed with N2-gas for 20 minutes. Tetrakis (8.45 g, 7.31 mmol) was added, and the reaction was degassed again with N2-gas for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was then transferred to a 5-L autoclave under N2-atm and heated to 130° C. for 40 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered through a Celite pad, and washed with diethyl ether (200 mL). To the filtrate was added water (500 mL), and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether (2×300 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material was adsorbed onto a plug of silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 100% petroleum ether) to provide 2-bromo-1-cyclopropyl-4-fluorobenzene. GC-MS m/z: 214/216 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.36-7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (dt, J=7.0, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (ddd, J=13.8, 8.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 1.12-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.50 (m, 2H).

Step 2: 2-bromo-3-cyclopropyl-6-fluorobenzaldehyde. To a 500-mL round-bottom flask was added 2-bromo-1-cycloproyl-4-fluorobenzene (6.5 g, 30.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (130 mL) under N2-atm. LDA (18.1 mL, 36.3 mmol, 2 M in THF, 1.2 equiv) was added dropwise at −78° C. (internal temperature maintained between −65° C. to −70° C.), and the reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. DMF (6 mL) was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture (internal temperature maintained between −65° C. to −70° C.), and the reaction was stirred for a further 3 h at −78° C. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 mL) and slowly warmed to ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (200 mL), and the organic layer separated and washed with a brine solution (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material was adsorbed onto a plug of silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-2% EtOAc/hexane) to provide 2-bromo-3-cyclopropyl-6-fluorobenzaldehyde. GC-MS m/z: 242 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.43 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.06 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (td, J=8.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 1.17-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.78-0.52 (m, 2H).

Step 3: 4-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazole. To a 100-mL sealed tube was added 2-bromo-3-cyclopropyl-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (4 g, 16.5 mmol) and hydrazine hydrate (4.0 mL, 82 mmol) in ethylene glycol (40 mL). The reaction was stirred for 2 h at 90° C. and then heated to 150° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, and ice cold water (40 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2×40 mL) and brine solution (40 mL), dried over anhydrous aqueous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude material was adsorbed onto a plug of silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc/hexane) to provide 4-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazole. The compound was purified by reverse phase preparative liquid chromatography (YMC: C₁₈, 150×20 mm, 5 pm; mobile phase: 0.1% TFA in water and acetonitrile; flow rate: 15 mL/min) to afford pure compound. MS (ESI positive ion) m/z: 237/239.0 (M+1). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.31 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.21 (tt, J=8.5, 5.3 Hz, 1H), 1.24-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.93-0.33 (m, 2H).

Step 4: 5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)boronic acid. To a 100-mL round-bottomed flask was added 4-bromo-5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazole (0.62 g, 2.6 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (0.996 g, 3.92 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL); potassium acetate (0.77 g, 7.84 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was degassed with N2-gas for 10 minutes. PdCl₂(dppf) DCM adduct (0.213 g, 0.261 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture; the reaction mixture was again degassed with N2-gas for 10 minutes then heated to 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered through a Celite pad, and washed with EtOAc (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the crude material was adsorbed onto a plug of silica gel and chromatographically purified (silica gel, 0-50% EtOAc/hexane). The compound was further purified by reverse phase preparative liquid chromatography (Grace column; 0-70% MeCN/water) to provide 5-cyclopropyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)boronic acid. MS (ESI positive ion) m/z: 285.2 (M+1). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.88 (s, 1H), 8.13 (q, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J=8.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.60 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 12H), 1.07-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.48 (m, 2H).

Example 24 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-(methylamino)-1-isoquinolinyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: 1-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-6-yl)-N-methylisoquinolin-3-amine. To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D, 30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (0.6 mL) at 0° C. was added a solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.0 M solution in tetrahyrdofuran, 0.050 mL, 0.100 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 min before zinc chloride (1.9 M solution in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 0.053 mL, 0.100 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was warmed to rt and stirred for 40 min. The reaction mixture was then transferred to a vial containing Sphos Pd G3 (5.76 mg, 6.66 μmol) and tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate (24.7 mg, 0.073 mmol, see synthesis below) and heated to 70° C. overnight. The crude reaction was diluted with sat. aq. NH₄Cl (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 6-20% MeOH in DCM afforded 1-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-3-(piperazin-1-yl)benzo[c]isothiazol-6-yl)-N-methylisoquinolin-3-amine. m/z (ESI, +ve) 428.1 (M+H)⁺.

Synthesis of tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate: To a solution of 1-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (200 mg, 0.897 mmol, Maybridge Chemical Co., Altrincham, UK) in tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) at rt was added sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 1.79 mL, 1.79 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min before a solution of Boc-anhydride (0.208 mL, 0.897 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min before being diluted with sat. aq. NH₄Cl (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-20% EtOAc in heptane afforded tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)carbamate. m/z (ESI, +ve) 345.0 (M+Na)⁺.

To a solution of tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)carbamate (140 mg, 0.433 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL) at rt was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 22.52 mg, 0.563 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min before methyl iodide (0.033 mL, 0.520 mmol) was added. After stirring overnight the reaction was diluted with sat. aq. NH₄Cl (50 mL) and EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% EtOAc in heptane afforded tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.25 (d, J=8.61 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.79 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 1.54 (s, 9H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 359.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 1-(4-(5-Chloro-7-fluoro-6-(3-(methylamino)-1-isoquinolinyl)-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Procedure analogous to Method 1, Step 8-2. Purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-14% MeOH in DCM over 15 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.15-6.28 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.97 (m, 4H), 3.63 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 482.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 25 1-(4-(6-(3-Amino-1-isoquinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(6-(3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)isoquinolin-1-yl)-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Procedure analogous to Example 25, Step 1, using a solution of 1.3 M isopropylmagnesium lithium chloride in THF in place of isopropylmagnesium chloride solution and bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl) (1-bromo-3-isoquinolinyl)-2-imidodicarbonate (synthesis below) in place of tert-butyl (1-bromoisoquinolin-3-yl)(methyl)carbamate. m/z (ESI, +ve) 614.2 (M+H)⁺.

Synthesis of bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl) (1-bromo-3-isoquinolinyl)-2-imidodicarbonate: To a solution of 1-bromoisoquinolin-3-amine (1.0 g, 4.48 mmol, Maybridge Chemical Co., Altrincham, UK) in DCM (50 mL) at 0° C. was added Boc-anhydride (3.12 mL, 13.45 mmol) and DMAP (0.055 g, 0.448 mmol). The reaction was warmed to rt and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was then diluted with sat. aq. NH₄Cl (100 mL) and DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-10% EtOAc in heptane over 15 min afforded bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl) (1-bromo-3-isoquinolinyl)-2-imidodicarbonate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.36 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.92 (m, 3H), 1.44 (s, 18H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 267.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 1-(4-(6-(3-Amino-1-isoquinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Procedure analogous to Method 1, Steps 8-1 and 8-2 with the use of TFA in DCM in place of 4M HCl in dioxane/MeOH in Step 8-1. Purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-12% MeOH in DCM. This material was then subjected to SFC purification: diol column (21.2×250 mm, 5 pm) using 17% (20 mM NH₃ in MeOH) in supercritical CO₂ (total flow rate was 7 g/min) to afford 1-(4-(6-(3-amino-1-isoquinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J=10.8, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 6.2 (dd, J=1.5, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J=1.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.66 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 468.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 26 1-(4-(6-(2-Amino-4-quinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: tert-Butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(tributylstannyl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. A solution of tert-butyl 4-(6-bromo-5-chloro-7-fluorobenzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate D, 320 mg, 0.710 mmol), 1,1,1,2,2,2-hexabutyldistannane (824 mg, 1.420 mmol), and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (82 mg, 0.071 mmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 mL) was heated in a sealed vial in the microwave at 160° C. for 40 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (50 mL), brine (50 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-30% EtOAc in heptane afforded tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(tributylstannyl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. m/z (ESI, +ve) 662.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: 2-Methyl-2-propanyl 4-(6-(2-(bis(((2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-quinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate. A solution of di-tert-butyl (4-bromoquinolin-2-yl)-2-imidodicarbonate (19.2 mg, 0.045 mmol, prepared in analogous fashion to bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl) (1-bromo-3-isoquinolinyl)-2-imidodicarbonate in Example 26 using 4-bromoquinolin-2-amine (Ark Pharm Inc. Arlington Heights, Ill., USA) as starting material, tert-butyl 4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6-(tributylstannyl)benzo[c]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (20 mg, 0.030 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (6.99 mg, 6.05 μmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA), copper(I) iodide (1.153 mg, 6.05 μmol) and cesium fluoride (13.79 mg, 0.091 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was heated in a sealed vial at 60° C. for 30 min. The crude reaction was diluted with sat. aq. NaHCO₃ (50 mL) and EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification by silica gel column chromatography eluting with 0-50% EtOAc in heptane afforded 2-methyl-2-propanyl 4-(6-(2-(bis(((2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-quinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate. m/z (ESI, +ve) 714.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: 1-(4-(6-(2-amino-4-quinolinyl)-5-chloro-7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazol-3-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. Procedure analogous to Method 1, Steps 8-1 and 8-2 with the use of TFA in DCM in place of 4 M HCl in dioxane/MeOH in Step 8-1. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03-7.08 (m, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.81 (m, 2H), 6.19 (dd, J=1.8, 16.6 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (dd, J=1.8, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.66 (m, 4H). m/z (ESI, +ve) 468.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example 27 1-(4-(3-(2-Fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

Step 1: 6,7-Dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine-5,8-dione. Hydrazine (1.26 mL, 40.2 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride (4.00 g, 26.8 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 h before being cooled to rt and concentrated in vacuo to give crude 6,7-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine-5,8-dione that was used directly in the next step. m/z (ESI) M+H: 164.1.

Step 2: 5,8-Dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine. Pyridine (4.57 mL, 53.7 mmol) was added to a mixture of crude 6,7-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine-5,8-dione (4.38 g, 26.8 mmol) in phosphorus (v) oxychloride (20.1 mL, 215 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured slowly into rapidly stirred water (250 mL) at −10° C. The aqueous suspension was stirred for 15 min before being extracted with EtOAc (250 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (200 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave 5,8-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 9.41 (1H, dd, J=4.30, 1.56 Hz) 8.65 (1H, dd, J=8.41, 1.56 Hz) 8.02 (1H, dd, J=8.41, 4.30 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 200.0.

Step 3: 3,5-Dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8(7H)-one and 3,8-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one. N-Chlorosuccinimide (1268 mg, 9.50 mmol, TCI America, Portland, Oreg., USA) was added to a stirred solution of 5,8-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine (950 mg, 4.75 mmol) in acetic acid (20 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. Additional N-chlorosuccinimide (1268 mg, 9.50 mmol, TCI America, Portland, Oreg., USA) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for another 4 h. Additional N-chlorosuccinimide (634 mg, 4.75 mmol, TCI America, Portland, Oreg., USA) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 4 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water (75 mL) and extracted three times with EtOAc (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 75% EtOAc in heptane) gave a regioisomeric mixture of 3,5-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8(7H)-one compound and 3,8-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one. m/z (ESI) M+H: 215.9.

Step 4: 3,5,8-Trichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine. Pyridine (2.024 mL, 23.79 mmol) was added to the regioisomeric mixture of 3,5-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8(7H)-one and 3,8-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one (2.57 g, 11.90 mmol) in phosphorus oxychloride (8.90 mL, 95 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured slowly into rapidly stirred water (150 mL) at −10° C. The aqueous suspension was stirred for 15 min before being extracted with EtOAc (200 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave 3,5,8-trichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 9.27 (1H, d, J=2.35 Hz) 8.58 (1H, d, J=2.35 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 233.9.

Step 5: tert-Butyl 4-(3,5-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. 1-Boc-piperazine (278 mg, 1.494 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 3,5,8-trichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine (292 mg, 1.245 mmol) and triethylamine (0.350 mL, 2.491 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h before being diluted with EtOAc (75 mL), and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (75 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 25% acetone in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(3,5-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate, the first of two regioisomers to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 9.01 (1H, d, J=2.54 Hz) 8.43 (1H, d, J=2.54 Hz) 4.04-4.15 (4H, m) 3.64-3.70 (4H, m) 1.50 (9H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 384.0.

Step 6: tert-Butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 4-(3,5-dichloropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (199 mg, 0.518 mmol), 2-isopropylphenylboronic acid (93 mg, 0.570 mmol, Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, Mass., USA), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (59.8 mg, 0.052 mmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA), and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 1.036 mL, 2.072 mmol) were mixed in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), and washed with water (40 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave a mixture of starting material and desired product. The mixture was re-subjected to the original reaction conditions using less 2-isopropylphenylboronic acid (56 mg, 0.342 mmol, Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, Mass., USA). The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 16 h. Additional 2-isopropylphenylboronic acid (28 mg, 0.171 mmol, Alfa Aesar, Haver Hill, Mass., USA) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt, diluted with EtOAc (50 mL), and washed with water (40 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.95 (1H, d, J=2.35 Hz) 7.72 (1H, d, J=2.54 Hz) 7.45-7.53 (2H, m) 7.26-7.33 (1H, m) 7.16-7.21 (1H, m) 4.04-4.23 (4H, m) 3.66-3.73 (4H, m) 2.67 (1H, spt, J=6.75 Hz) 1.48 (9H, s) 1.16 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz) 1.03 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 468.2.

Step 7: tert-Butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Methyllithium (1.6 M solution in diethyl ether, 0.137 mL, 0.219 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (93 mg, 0.199 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 mL) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 min before being allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred for 30 min. The reaction mixture was cooled back down to −78° C. and additional methyllithium (1.6 M solution in diethyl ether, 0.068 mL, 0.109 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 min before being allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred for another 15 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give crude tert-butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. m/z (ESI) M+H: 484.3.

4,5-Dichloro-3,6-dioxo-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dicarbonitrile (45.0 mg, 0.198 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of crude tert-butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (96 mg, 0.198 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 7.72 (1H, s) 7.51-7.55 (2H, m) 7.32-7.37 (1H, m) 7.22-7.27 (1H, m) 4.08-4.25 (4H, m) 3.71-3.79 (4H, m) 2.87 (3H, s) 2.73 (1H, spt, J=6.68 Hz) 1.54 (9H, s) 1.21 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz) 1.07 (3H, d, J=6.85 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 482.1.

Step 8: tert-Butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 4-(3-chloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (78 mg, 0.162 mmol), (2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (101 mg, 0.647 mmol, Combi-Blocks), Sphos Pd G3 (14.00 mg, 0.016 mmol) and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 0.324 mL, 0.647 mmol) were mixed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1 mL) under an argon atmosphere and then heated at 80° C. for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc (30 mL), and washed with water (25 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (66 mg, 0.118 mmol, 73.1% yield). m/z (ESI) M+H: 558.2.

Step 9: 3-Fluoro-2-(5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl-8-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-3-yl)phenol. Trifluoroacetic acid (0.2 mL, 2.68 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(3-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (64 mg, 0.115 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL) and quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give crude 3-fluoro-2-(5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl-8-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-3-yl)phenol. m/z (ESI) M+H: 458.1.

Step 10: 1-(4-(3-(2-Fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Acryloyl chloride (9.45 μl, 0.116 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 3-fluoro-2-(5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-methyl-8-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-3-yl)phenol (53 mg, 0.116 mmol) and triethylamine (0.049 mL, 0.348 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (25 mL) and quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave 1-(4-(3-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-5-(2-(2-propanyl)phenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-8-yl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 9.51 (0.6H, br s) 8.98 (0.4H, br s) 7.63 (0.4H, s) 7.58 (0.6H, s) 7.35-7.43 (2H, m) 7.10-7.26 (3H, m) 6.78 (1H, dd, J=16.63, 8.22 Hz) 6.59-6.71 (2H, m) 6.36 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.57 Hz) 5.78 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.37 Hz)₄.10-4.38 (4H, m)₃.80-4.03 (4H, m)₂.60-2.72 (1H, m)₂.61 (1.2H, s) 2.59 (1.8H, s) 0.91-1.08 (6H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 512.3.

Example 28 1-(4-(7-Chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((1R)-1-phenylethyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one and 1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((1S)-1-phenylethyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

A mixture of α-methylbenzylzinc bromide (0.5 M in THF, 492 μl, 0.246 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (5.68 mg, 4.92 μmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA), and 1-(4-(4,7-dichloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate I, 22 mg, 0.049 mmol) was stirred at 60° C. in a sealed vial for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave a mixture of 1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((1R)-1-phenylethyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one and 1-(4-(7-chloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-((1S)-1-phenylethyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.27 (1H, s) 8.15 (0.33H, s) 8.10 (0.67H, s) 7.19-7.31 (5H, m) 7.10-7.16 (1H, m) 6.86 (1H, dd, J=16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.62-6.78 (2H, m) 6.27 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.80 (1H, dd, J=10.66, 1.86 Hz) 4.94-5.01 (1H, m) 3.93-4.03 (4H, m) 3.49-3.60 (4H, m) 1.81 (3H, d, J=7.04 Hz). m/z (ESI) M+H: 517.1.

Example 29 1-(4-(7-Chloro-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one

4-Fluorobenzylzinc chloride (0.5 M in THF, 0.089 mL, 0.044 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 1-(4-(4,7-dichloro-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (Intermediate I, 18 mg, 0.040 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (4.65 mg, 4.02 μmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA) in tetrahydrofuran (0.1 mL) in a sealed vial under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h before being heated to 40° C. for 3 h. Additional 4-fluorobenzylzinc chloride (0.089 mL, 0.044 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for another 16 h. Additional 4-fluorobenzylzinc chloride (0.089 mL, 0.044 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated to 60° C. and stirred for 6 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave 1-(4-(7-chloro-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl)-1-piperazinyl)-2-propen-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.32 (1H, s) 8.19 (1H, s) 7.26-7.34 (3H, m) 6.98 (2H, t, J=8.71 Hz) 6.69-6.91 (3H, m) 6.28 (1H, dd, J=16.92, 1.86 Hz) 5.82 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.54-4.65 (2H, m) 3.99 (4H, m) 3.58 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 521.2.

Examples 30 and 31 2-(1-(4-Acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-4-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 30) and 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-1-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 31)

Step 1: 1,4,6,7-Tetrachlorophthalazine (Intermediate L). Pyridine (431 μl, 5.28 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione (Intermediate G, 610 mg, 2.64 mmol) in phosphorus oxychloride (2.4 mL, 26.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 2 h then cooled and poured slowly into rapidly stirred water (75 mL) at −10° C. The resulting suspension was filtered, and the solid was washed with water to give 1,4,6,7-tetrachlorophthalazine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.43 (2H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 266.9.

Step 2: tert-Butyl 4-(4,6,7-trichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate M). 1-Boc-piperazine (340 mg, 1.824 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 1,4,6,7-tetrachlorophthalazine (Intermediate L, 543 mg, 2.027 mmol) and triethylamine (0.846 mL, 6.08 mmol) in dichloromethane (8 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 2 days. Additional 1-boc-piperazine (340 mg, 1.824 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for another 23 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and extracted with DCM (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(4,6,7-trichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.35 (1H, s) 8.12 (1H, s) 3.68-3.75 (4H, m) 3.45-3.52 (4H, m) 1.51 (9H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 417.0.

Step 3: tert-Butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 4-(4,6,7-trichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate M, 95 mg, 0.227 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (26.3 mg, 0.023 mmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA), phenylboronic acid (27.7 mg, 0.227 mmol), and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 0.341 mL, 0.682 mmol) were mixed in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) in a sealed vial under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 h. Additional tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (26.3 mg, 0.023 mmol) and phenylboronic acid (13.5 mg, 0.113 mmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for another 24 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.13 (1H, s) 8.07 (1H, s) 7.62-7.67 (2H, m) 7.50-7.55 (3H, m) 3.65-3.74 (4H, m) 3.44-3.53 (4H, m) 1.47 (9H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 459.1.

Step 4: 6,7-Dichloro-1-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine. tert-Butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (68 mg, 0.148 mmol) was stirred in trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL, 13.46 mmol) at rt for 20 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20 mL) and extracted two times with DCM (25 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give crude 6,7-dichloro-1-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine that was used directly in the next step. m/z (ESI) M+H: 359.0.

Step 5: 1-(4-(6,7-Dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. Acryloyl chloride (0.013 mL, 0.162 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 6,7-dichloro-1-phenyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)phthalazine (53 mg, 0.148 mmol) and triethylamine (0.062 mL, 0.443 mmol) in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and extracted with DCM (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave 1-(4-(6,7-dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, Cloroform-d) δ 8.20 (1H, s) 8.14 (1H, s) 7.66-7.75 (2H, m) 7.54-7.62 (3H, m) 6.66 (1H, dd, J=16.63, 10.37 Hz) 6.37 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.78 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.96 Hz) 3.85-4.04 (1H, m) 3.53-3.72 (1H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 431.2.

Step 6: 2-(1-(4-Acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-4-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol and 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-1-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol. 1-(4-(6,7-Dichloro-4-phenylphthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (43 mg, 0.104 mmol), 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (17.84 mg, 0.114 mmol, Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA), Sphos Pd G3 (9.00 mg, 10.40 μmol), and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 0.156 mL, 0.312 mmol) were mixed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (0.5 mL) in a sealed vial under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h. Additional 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (8.92 mg, 0.057 mmol, Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA) and SPhos Pd G3 (9.00 mg, 10.40 μmol) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for another 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave a mixture of the two regioisomeric products. Reverse phase preparative chromatography (XBridge Prep C18 5 μm OBD, 150×30 mm; 35 to 55% (0.1% TFA in water) in (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile); flow rate=30 mL/min) gave the separated regioisomeric products. The fractions containing the individual regioisomers were neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with DCM, and the organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. The separated regioisomers were further individually purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane). 2-(1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-4-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 30), was the first regioisomer to elute from the reverse phase preparative chromatography. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.21 (1H, s) 8.06 (1H, s) 7.62-7.69 (2H, m) 7.45-7.51 (3H, m) 7.24-7.32 (1H, m) 6.81-6.90 (1H, m) 6.75 (1H, t, J=8.41 Hz) 6.65 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.38 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 3.86-4.02 (4H, m) 3.57-3.76 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 489.0. 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-1-phenyl-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 31), was the second regioisomer to elute from the reverse phase column. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.15 (1H, s) 8.12 (1H, s) 7.68-7.73 (2H, m) 7.53-7.58 (3H, m) 7.30 (1H, br td, J=8.22, 6.65 Hz) 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.22 Hz) 6.78 (1H, t, J=8.61 Hz) 6.57 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.28 (1H, dd, J=16.73, 1.66 Hz) 5.71 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.56 Hz) 3.78-3.89 (4H, m) 3.51-3.73 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 489.1.

Examples 32 and 33 2-(1-(4-Acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 32) and 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-1-methoxy-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 33)

Examples 32 and 33 were prepared in an analogous method to Examples 30 and 31 with the exception of Step 3, which was changed as follows:

Step 3: tert-Butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-4-methoxyphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. tert-Butyl 4-(4,6,7-trichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate M, 198 mg, 0.474 mmol) and sodium methoxide (25% solution in methanol, 2 mL, 8.75 mmol) were mixed in a sealed vial. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (25 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(6,7-dichloro-4-methoxyphthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.29 (1H, s) 8.08 (1H, s) 4.22 (3H, s) 3.68-3.73 (4H, m) 3.33-3.38 (4H, m) 1.51 (9H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 413.1.

From step 6: First eluting regioisomer: 2-(1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-4-methoxy-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 32)¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.23 (1H, s) 8.11 (1H, s) 7.32 (1H, td, J=8.31, 6.46 Hz) 6.88 (1H, d, J=8.22 Hz) 6.77-6.83 (1H, m) 6.65 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1H, dd, J=10.47, 1.86 Hz) 4.18 (3H, s) 3.79-4.05 (4H, m) 3.34-3.54 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 443.1.

Second eluting regioisomer: 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-chloro-1-methoxy-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 33)¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.32 (1H, s) 8.01 (1H, s) 7.32 (1H, td, J=8.27, 6.55 Hz) 6.89 (1H, d, J=8.22 Hz) 6.77-6.83 (1H, m) 6.60 (1H, dd, J=17.02, 10.56 Hz) 6.30 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.75 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.22 (3H, s) 3.67-3.98 (4H, m) 3.25-3.55 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 443.1.

Example 34 1-(4-Acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-6,7-dichlorophthalazine

Example 34 was prepared in an analogous method to Examples 30 and 31 with the exception of step 6, which was omitted, and Steps 2 and 3, which were changed as follows:

Steps 2 and 3: tert-Butyl 4-(4-benzyl-6,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. Benzylzinc bromide (0.5 M in THF, 1.926 mL, 0.963 mmol) was added to a sealed vial containing 1,4,6,7-tetrachlorophthalazine (Intermediate L, 258 mg, 0.963 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (111 mg, 0.096 mmol, Strem Chemicals Inc., NewburyPort, Mass., USA) under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. 1-Boc-piperazine (1.79 g, 9.63 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (40 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (40 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 50% EtOAc in heptane) gave tert-butyl 4-(4-benzyl-6,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.11 (1H, s) 8.10 (1H, s) 7.27-7.35 (4H, m) 7.20-7.25 (1H, m) 4.59 (2H, s) 3.69-3.74 (4H, m) 3.44-3.49 (4H, m) 1.52 (9H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 473.1. m/z (ESI) M+H: 473.1.

From step 5: 1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-6,7-dichlorophthalazine. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ ppm 8.13 (1H, s) 8.12 (1H, s) 7.28-7.36 (4H, m) 7.20-7.26 (1H, m) 6.65 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.57 Hz) 5.78 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.56 Hz) 4.61 (2H, s) 3.83-4.01 (4H, m) 3.48-3.62 (4H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 427.1.

Example 35 and 36 2-(1-(4-Acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-7-chloro-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 35) and 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-benzyl-7-chloro-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 36)

1-(4-(4-Benzyl-6,7-dichlorophthalazin-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one. (Example 34, 35 mg, 0.082 mmol), 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (12.77 mg, 0.082 mmol, Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA), SPhos Pd G3 (7.09 mg, 8.19 μmol), and sodium carbonate (2 M aqueous, 0.123 mL, 0.246 mmol) were mixed in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (0.3 mL) in a sealed vial under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (15 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% EtOAc in heptane) gave a mixture of the two regioisomeric products. Reverse phase preparative chromatography (XBridge Prep C₁₈ ₅ pm OBD, 150×30 mm; 20 to 90% (0.1% TFA in water) in (0.1% TFA in acetonitrile); flow rate=30 mL/min) gave the partially separated regioisomeric products. The fractions containing the regioisomers were neutralized with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with DCM, and the organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. 2-(1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-7-chloro-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 35), was the first regioisomer to elute during reverse phase preparative chromatography, and contained approximately 36% of the second regioisomer to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.13 (1H, s) 8.11 (1H, s) 7.12-7.37 (6H, m) 6.91 (1H, d, J=8.22 Hz) 6.77 (1H, t, J=8.61 Hz) 6.64 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.96 Hz) 4.55 (2H, s) 3.34-4.01 (8H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 503.1. 2-(4-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-benzyl-7-chloro-6-phthalazinyl)-3-fluorophenol (Example 36), was the second regioisomer to elute. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.12 (1H, s) 8.05 (1H, s) 7.26-7.36 (5H, m) 7.19-7.24 (1H, m) 6.93 (1H, d, J=8.41 Hz) 6.76 (1H, t, J=8.31 Hz) 6.58 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 10.76 Hz) 6.28 (1H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.75 (1H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.54 (2H, s) 3.32-3.93 (8H, m). m/z (ESI) M+H: 503.1.

Example 37 1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-6-chloro-7-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)phthalazine and 1-(4-acryloyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-benzyl-7-chloro-6-(5-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)phthalazine

Example 37 was prepared in an analogous method to Examples 35 and 36 with 5-methyl-1h-indazol-4-yl boronic acid (Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA) in place of 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid. In this embodiment the two regioisomeric products were not separated. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.23 (0.6H, s) 8.22 (0.4H, s) 8.02 (0.4H, s) 8.00 (0.6H, s) 7.19-7.57 (8H, m) 6.68 (0.4H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.60 (0.6H, dd, J=16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.38 (0.4H, dd, J=16.63, 1.76 Hz) 6.32 (0.6H, dd, J=16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (0.4H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 5.73 (0.6H, dd, J=10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.67 (1.2H, s) 4.60 (0.8H, s) 3.74-4.06 (4H, m) 3.46-3.70 (4H, m) 2.21 (1.8H, s) 2.06 (1.2H, s). m/z (ESI) M+H: 523.

Example 38 6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one

The starting material for Example 38 was prepared using Method 8 Steps 1-4 with reagents 2,5,6-trichloronicotinic acid (Step 1), aminomethylcyclopropane (Step 2), 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenylboronic acid (Step 4, Combi-Blocks Inc., San Diego, Calif., USA), and sodium carbonate (Step 4).

Step 1: 7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. tert-Butylchlorodiphenylsilane (0.036 mL, 0.139 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (42 mg, 0.116 mmol) and triethylamine (0.065 mL, 0.464 mmol) in acetonitrile (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (25 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine (25 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give crude 7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione that was used directly in the next step. m/z (ESI) M+H: 599.8.

Step 2: 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one. Phosphorus oxychloride (0.087 mL, 0.933 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of crude 7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (70 mg, 0.117 mmol), triethylamine (0.295 mL, 2.099 mmol), and 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (167 mg, 1.400 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was taken up in 1,2-dichloroethane (2 mL), and triethylamine (0.295 mL, 2.099 mmol) and 1-(piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (32.7 mg, 0.233 mmol, eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, N.J., USA) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h. Additional triethylamine (0.148 mL, 1.050 mmol) and 1-(piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (32.7 mg, 0.233 mmol, eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, N.J., USA) were added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h before being heated to 60° C. and stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was again taken up in 1,2-dichloroethane (2 mL), and triethylamine (0.295 mL, 2.099 mmol) and 1-(piperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (32.7 mg, 0.233 mmol, eNovation Chemicals LLC, Bridgewater, N.J., USA) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% (3:1 EtOAc/EtOH) in heptane) gave 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one that was taken on in the next step without further purification. m/z (ESI) M+H: 721.8.

Step 3: 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one. Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 0.025 mL, 0.025 mmol) was added to a stirred mixture of 4-(4-acryloylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-6-fluorophenyl)-6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (6 mg, 8.31 μmol) in tetrahydrofuran (0.2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 20 min before being concentrated in vacuo. Chromatographic purification of the residue (silica gel, 0 to 100% (3:1 EtOAc/EtOH) in heptane) gave 6-chloro-1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-propenoyl)-1-piperazinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.04 (1H, s) 7.26-7.33 (1H, m) 6.82 (1H, d, J=8.29 Hz) 6.71 (1H, t, J=8.91 Hz) 6.51 (1H, dd, J=16.79, 10.57 Hz) 6.30 (1H, dd, J=16.79, 1.45 Hz) 5.72 (1H, dd, J=10.47, 1.55 Hz) 4.15 (2H, br d, J=6.43 Hz) 3.69-3.90 (8H, m) 1.14-1.27 (4H, m) 0.73-0.88 (1H, in). m/z (ESI) M+H: 483.8.

Separated Compound Examples

Racemic SM / separation Ex.# Chemical Structure Name conditions 2-5-1

1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazol o[3,4-b]-pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one or 1-((3R)- 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-hydroxy- 1- naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazol o[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one 2-5 / SFC (Chiralpak AD-H, 20 × 150 mm, 5 μm, 55% MeOH/CO₂, 80 mL/min, 100 bar). 2-5-2

1-((3R)-4-(5-chloro-6-(3- hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazol o[3,4-b)pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one or 1-((3S)- 4-(5-chloro-6-(3-hydroxy- 1- naphthalenyl)[1,2]thiazol o[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one 2-5 / SFC (Chiralpak AD-H, 20 × 150 mm, 5 μm, 55% MeOH/CO₂, 80 mL/min, 100 bar). 2-6-1

1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-6-(5- methyl-1H-indazol-4- yl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one or 1-((3R)-4-(5- chloro-6-(5-methyl-1H- indazol-4- yl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one 2-6 / SFC (Phenomenex (S,S)-Whelk-O 1, 250 × 20 mm, 3 μm, 50% MeOH/CO₂ containing 20 mM NH₃, 60 g/min, 102 bar) 2-6-2

1-((3R)-4-(5-chloro-6-(5- methyl-1H-indazol-4- yl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one or 1-((3S)4-(5- chloro-6-(5-methyl-1H- indazol-4- yl)[1,2]thiazolo[3,4- b]pyridin-3-yl)-3-methyl- 1-piperazinyl)-2-propen- 1-one 2-6 / SFC (Phenomenex (S,S)-Whelk-O 1, 250 × 20 mm, 3 μm, 50% MeOH/CO₂ containing 20 mM NH₃, 60 g/min, 102 bar) 1-19-1

1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one 1-19 / SFC (IC 250 × 30 mm, 5 μm, 50% MeOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 100 g/min, 100 bar). 1-19-2

1-((3S)-4-(5-chloro-7- fluoro-6-(3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-3- methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2- propen-1-one 1-19 / SFC (IC 250 × 30 mm, 5 μm, 50% MeOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 100 g/min, 100 bar). 3-1-1

1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen-1- one 3-1 / SFC (OD-H 250 × 21 mm, 5 μm, 40% MeOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 60 mL/min, 100 bar). 3-1-2

1-(4-(5-chloro-7-fluoro-6- (3-hydroxy-1- naphthalenyl)-2,1- benzothiazol-3-yl)-1- piperazinyl)-2-propen-1- one 3-1 / SFC (OD-H 250 × 21 mm, 5 μm, 40% MeOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 60 mL/min, 100 bar). 8-6-1

6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)- 2-methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one 8-6 / SFC (Chiralpak IC, 150 × 30 mm, 5 μm, 30% MeOH/CO₂, (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 120 g/min, 102 bar). 8-6-2

6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)- 2-methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one 8-6 / SFC (Chiralpak IC, 150 × 30 mm, 5 μm, 30% MeOH/CO₂, (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 120 g/min, 102 bar). 8-1-1

6-chloro-7-(2-(fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone 8-1 / SFC (Chiralpak IC, 300 × 15 mm, 5 μm, 40% MeOH/CO₂, (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 135 g/min, 188 bar). 8-1-2

6-chloro-7-(2-(fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)-4-(4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone 8-1 / SFC (Chiralpak IC, 300 × 15 mm, 5 μm, 40% MeOH/CO₂, (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 135 g/min, 188 bar). 8-3-1

6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)- 2-methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone 8-3 / SFC (Whelk-01 (S,S), 250 × 21 mm, 5 μm, 30% EtOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 70 g/min, 187 bar). 8-3-2

6-chloro-7-(2-fluoro-6- hydroxyphenyl)-4-((2S)- 2-methyl-4-(2- propenoyl)-1- piperazinyl)-1-(2-(2- propanyl)phenyl)-2(1H)- quinazolinone 8-3 / SFC (Whelk-01 (S,S), 250 × 21 mm, 5 μm, 30% EtOH/CO₂ (w/ 20 mM NH₃), 70 g/min, 187 bar).

TABLE 12 Analytical Data for General Procedures LRMS: (ESI, +ve Ex. # ion) m/z NMR  1-1 498.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.99 (br s, 1 H), 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.81-6.94 (m, 2 H), 6.79 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.77 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.87 (br d, J = 19.5 Hz, 4 H), 3.63 (br t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.78 (s, 1 F).  1-2 441.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26- 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (d, J = 10.3, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.81-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.64 (m, 4H).  1-3 450.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.91 (br. s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.73-5.79 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.64 (m, 4H).  1-4 464.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.25- 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J = 1.9, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.74-5.80 (m, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.82-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.63 (m, 4H).  1-5 432.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.53-3.62 (m, 4H).  1-6 418.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (br s., 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.68-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.17 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.53-3.58 (m, 4H).  1-7 498 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.79- 10.10 (1 H, m), 8.05-8.12 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.83 (1 H, m), 7.39-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.21- 7.29 (3 H, m), 7.04-7.09 (1 H, m), 6.76- 6.91 (1 H, m), 6.14-6.24 (1 H, m), 5.74- 5.81 (1 H, m), 5.02-5.30 (1 H, m), 4.08- 4.53 (3 H, m), 3.54-3.81 (6 H, m).  1-8 496 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83- 10.10 (1 H, m), 8.01-8.07 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.84 (1 H, m), 7.39-7.47 (1 H, m), 7.19- 7.31 (3 H, m), 7.04-7.10 (1 H, m), 6.80- 6.94 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.28 (1 H, m), 5.75- 5.83 (1 H, m), 4.38-4.58 (1 H, m), 4.06- 4.27 (2 H, m), 3.51-3.89 (3 H, m), 3.19- 3.29 (1 H, m), 1.58-1.74 (2 H, m), 0.90- 0.99 (3 H, m).  1-9 467.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.85- 10.08 (1 H, m), 8.73-8.90 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.83 (1 H, m), 7.72-7.76 (1 H, m), 7.41- 7.47 (1 H, m), 7.21-7.28 (3 H, m), 7.04- 7.09 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.23 (2 H, m), 5.67- 5.72 (1 H, m), 4.90-5.01 (1 H, m), 4.36- 4.58 (2 H, m), 4.16-4.31 (1 H, m), 1.54- 1.62 (3 H, m).  1-10 470 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.03- 13.21 (1 H, m), 8.05-8.11 (1 H, m), 7.53- 7.63 (2 H, m), 7.35-7.41 (1 H, m), 6.80- 6.99 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.28 (1 H, m), 5.74- 5.83 (1 H, m), 4.28-4.55 (2 H, m), 4.15- 4.28 (1 H, m), 3.48-3.83 (4 H, m), 2.16- 2.22 (3 H, m), 1.17-1.28 (3 H, m).  1-11 512 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83- 10.06 (1 H, m), 8.19-8.25 (1 H, m), 7.76- 7.85 (1 H, m), 7.38-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.19- 7.30 (3 H, m), 7.03-7.10 (1 H, m), 6.81- 6.95 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.27 (1 H, m), 5.74- 5.81 (1 H, m), 4.73-4.88 (1 H, m), 4.36- 4.59 (2 H, m), 4.13-4.26 (1 H, m), 4.07- 4.14 (1 H, m), 3.49-3.80 (5 H, m), 1.72- 1.89 (2 H, m).  1-12 511 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.26- 8.34 (1 H, m), 8.00-8.09 (2 H, m), 7.70- 7.77 (2 H, m), 7.53-7.61 (2 H, m), 7.41- 7.49 (2 H, m), 7.32-7.41 (2 H, m), 7.18- 7.25 (1 H, m), 5.15-5.27 (1 H, m), 4.31- 4.56 (2 H, m), 3.63-3.91 (2 H, m), 3.42- 3.60 (2 H, m).  1-13 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.13 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 16.8, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.77 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.69 (m, 4H).  1-14 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.91 (br. s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27- 7.38 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.67 (m, 4H).  1-15 497.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03- 8.12 (1 H, m), 7.68-7.79 (1 H, m), 7.32- 7.44 (1 H, m), 7.11-7.26 (3 H, m), 6.98- 7.06 (1 H, m), 6.77-6.91 (1 H, m), 6.13- 6.26 (1 H, m), 5.73-5.83 (1 H, m), 4.08- 4.54 (3 H, m), 3.54-3.80 (7 H, m).  1-16 498.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.88- 10.15 (1 H, m), 8.08-8.16 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.83 (1 H, m), 7.40-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.18- 7.30 (3 H, m), 7.05-7.10 (1 H, m), 6.80- 6.92 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.24 (1 H, m), 5.73- 5.80 (1 H, m), 4.58-4.71 (1 H, m), 4.26- 4.43 (1 H, m), 3.99-4.24 (2 H, m), 3.39- 4.00 (6 H, m).  1-17 494.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.81- 10.05 (1 H, m), 8.06-8.12 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.84 (1 H, m), 7.40-7.47 (1 H, m), 7.19- 7.29 (3 H, m), 7.03-7.08 (1 H, m), 6.77- 6.88 (1 H, m), 6.19-6.30 (1 H, m), 5.73- 5.82 (1 H, m), 4.73-4.86 (2 H, m), 3.82- 3.96 (2 H, m), 3.44-3.52 (2 H, m), 1.88- 2.14 (4 H, m).  1-18 498.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.85- 10.08 (1 H, m), 8.07-8.13 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.83 (1 H, m), 7.40-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.22- 7.30 (3 H, m), 7.04-7.09 (1 H, m), 6.76- 6.92 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.25 (1 H, m), 5.74- 5.81 (1 H, m), 5.04-5.29 (1 H, m), 4.10- 4.52 (3 H, m), 3.53-3.78 (5 H, m).  1-19 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.90-10.04 (1 H, m), 8.02-8.08 (1 H, m), 7.76-7.82 (1 H, m), 7.38-7.46 (1 H, m), 7.20-7.30 (3 H, m), 7.04-7.08 (1 H, m), 6.79-6.95 (1 H, m), 6.14-6.27 (1 H, m), 5.73-5.81 (1 H, m), 4.38-4.55 (3 H, m), 4.28-4.37 (1 H, m), 4.12-4.26 (1 H, m), 3.46-3.83 (2 H, m), 1.15-1.21 (3 H, m)  1-19-1 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.83-10.08 (1 H, m), 8.04-8.11 (1 H, m), 7.77-7.84 (1 H, m), 7.38-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.19-7.31 (3 H, m), 7.05-7.10 (1 H, m), 6.81-6.98 (1 H, m), 6.16-6.28 (1 H, m), 5.75-5.83 (1 H, m), 4.40-4.59 (1 H, m), 4.16-4.40 (1 H, m), 3.96-4.07 (1 H, m), 3.48-3.83 (3 H, m), 3.16-3.29 (1 H, m), 1.10-1.31 (3 H, m).  1-19-2 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ ppm 9.83-10.10 (1 H, m), 8.03-8.10 (1 H, m), 7.77-7.83 (1 H, m), 7.38-7.48 (1 H, m), 7.19-7.31 (3 H, m), 7.05-7.10 (1 H, m), 6.81-6.98 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.28 (1 H, m), 5.73-5.83 (1 H, m), 4.39-4.56 (2 H, m), 4.15-4.38 (1 H, m), 3.97-4.10 (1 H, m), 3.48-3.84 (3 H, m), 1.13-1.27 (3 H, m).  1-20 454.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83- 10.05 (1 H, m), 9.11-9.35 (1 H, m), 8.02- 8.07 (1 H, m), 7.76-7.83 (1 H, m), 7.40- 7.47 (1 H, m), 7.20-7.28 (3 H, m), 7.02- 7.09 (1 H, m), 6.33-6.46 (1 H, m), 6.11- 6.22 (1 H, m), 5.69-5.78 (1 H, m), 4.69- 4.80 (1 H, m), 4.40-4.49 (1 H, m), 4.31- 4.41 (1 H, m), 4.21-4.30 (1 H, m), 3.99- 4.09 (1 H, m).  1-21 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.85- 10.10 (1 H, m), 8.04-8.09 (1 H, m), 7.77- 7.83 (1 H, m), 7.40-7.47 (1 H, m), 7.19- 7.30 (3 H, m), 7.05-7.09 (1 H, m), 6.74- 6.99 (1 H, m), 6.09-6.36 (1 H, m), 5.66- 5.88 (1 H, m), 4.39-4.57 (2 H, m), 4.17- 4.39 (1 H, m), 3.96-4.07 (1 H, m), 3.48- 3.83 (3 H, m), 1.10-1.29 (3 H, m).  1-22 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.87- 10.03 (1 H, m), 8.45-8.66 (1 H, m), 7.94- 8.01 (1 H, m), 7.76-7.83 (1 H, m), 7.39- 7.47 (1 H, m), 7.21-7.29 (3 H, m), 7.01- 7.10 (1 H, m), 6.10-6.25 (2 H, m), 5.59- 5.70 (1 H, m), 4.56-4.68 (1 H, m), 3.99- 4.13 (1 H, m), 3.75-3.87 (2 H, m), 3.55- 3.66 (1 H, m), 2.35-2.48 (1 H, m), 2.06- 2.21 (1 H, m).  1-23 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.85- 10.06 (1 H, m), 8.27-8.35 (1 H, m), 7.95- 8.00 (1 H, m), 7.76-7.84 (1 H, m), 7.39- 7.48 (1 H, m), 7.20-7.29 (3 H, m), 7.01- 7.10 (1 H, m), 6.23-6.37 (1 H, m), 6.10- 6.20 (1 H, m), 5.58-5.68 (1 H, m), 4.00-4.11 (1 H, m), 3.89-3.99 (1 H, m), 3.67-3.77 (1 H, m), 3.35-3.49 (2 H, m), 1.94-2.07 (2 H, m), 1.77-1.90 (1 H, m), 1.62-1.72 (1 H, m).  2-7 496.2 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.83-10.11 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.31 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.86-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.22-6.31 (m, 1H), 5.78-5.86 (m, 1H), 4.07-4.22 (m, 3H), 3.89-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.84 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.52 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.34 (m, 6H)  2-8 506.0 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 13.04-13.25 (m, 1H), 8.09-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.41 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.36-6.62 (m, 1H), 6.16-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.75-5.83 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.86 (m, 1H), 4.19-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.92 (m, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.21 (m, 3H)  2-9 486.0 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 10.08-10.30 (m, 1H), 7.98-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.72-6.91 (m, 3H), 6.23-6.63 (m, 1H), 6.13-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.81 (m, 1H), 4.58-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.17-4.38 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.89 (m, 4H)  2-10 510.0 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.83-10.06 (m, 1H), 7.93-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.32 (m, 3H), 7.00-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.12-6.30 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.86 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.71 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.06-4.28 (m, 1H), 3.60-4.06 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.58 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.00-1.11 (m, 3H), 0.86-0.97 (m, 3H)  1-28 436.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.63 (s, 1 H) 8.04 (s, 1 H) 7.09-7.24 (m, 1 H) 6.72-6.95 (m, 3 H) 6.12-6.24 (m, 1 H) 5.74-5.77 (m, 1 H) 3.83-3.88 (d, 4 H) 3.52-3.72 (m, 4 H)  2-1 451.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (br. s, 1H), 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.17- 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.74-5.79 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.68-3.76 (m, 4H)  2-2 447.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.58 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.79-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.13-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.77 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.26-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.96-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.76 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 3H), 3.47-3.64 (m, 2H), 1.19 (s, 3H).  2-3 433.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.25-7.34 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (dd, J = 10.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.53 (m, 2H), 4.03-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.54-3.88 (m, 4H), 1.30 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H).  2-4 479.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.67 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.15-6.22 (m, 1H), 5.78 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.68-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.64 (m, 2H), 1.22 (br. s, 3H).  2-5 465.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.96 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.80- 6.94 (m, 1H), 6.14-6.27 (m, 1H), 5.78 (dd, J = 10.6, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.97-4.57 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.83 (m, 4H), 1.22 (br. s, 3H).  2-6 453.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 13.11 (br. s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.16-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.78 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.97-4.56 (m, 4H), 3.48-3.85 (m, 3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 1.22 (br s., 3H).  3-1 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.90- 10.04 (1H, m), 8.10 (1H, s), 7.80 (1H, d, J = 8.41 Hz), 7.43 (1H, ddd, J = 1.96, 6.11, 8.17 Hz), 7.16-7.31 (3H, m), 7.07 (1H, d, J = 2.35 Hz), 6.87 (1H, dd, J = 10.47, 16.73 Hz), 6.19 (1H, dd, J = 2.25, 16.73 Hz), 5.77 (1H, dd, J = 2.25, 10.47 Hz), 3.88 (4H, br d, J = 19.56 Hz), 3.61- 3.72 (4H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.78 (s, 1F).  3-2 469 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.43 (br. s., 1 H) 8.12 (d, J = 15.1 Hz, 1 H) 7.77 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H) 7.66 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H) 7.59 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H) 7.45 (s, 1 H) 7.21-7.26 (m, 1 H) 7.03 (br d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1 H) 6.95 (d, J = 15.1 Hz, 1 H) 6.71 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1 H) 3.93-4.14 (m, 4 H) 3.52-3.59 (m, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −123.91 (s, 1 F).  3-3 453.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.82- 8.88 (1 H, m), 8.52-8.63 (1 H, m), 8.09- 8.22 (2 H, m), 7.89-8.02 (2 H, m), 7.67- 7.74 (1 H, m), 6.80-6.96 (1 H, m), 6.13- 6.25 (1 H, m), 5.72-5.84 (1 H, m), 3.77- 4.03 (4 H, m), 3.56-3.74 (4 H, m).  3-4 469.0 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.81- 12.11 (1 H, m), 8.05-8.15 (1 H, m), 7.58- 7.67 (1 H, m), 7.42-7.49 (1 H, m), 7.35- 7.42 (1 H, m), 7.14-7.20 (1 H, m), 6.80- 6.93 (1 H, m), 6.44-6.53 (1 H, m), 6.14- 6.24 (1 H, m), 5.72-5.82 (1 H, m), 3.80- 3.95 (4 H, m), 3.61-3.69 (4 H, m).  3-5 456.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.99- 13.26 (1 H, m), 8.10-8.14 (1 H, m), 7.54- 7.60 (2 H, m), 7.33-7.40 (1 H, m), 6.81- 6.94 (1 H, m), 6.14-6.25 (1 H, m), 5.74- 5.80 (1 H, m), 3.81-3.95 (4 H, m), 3.62- 3.71 (4 H, m), 2.12-2.20 (3 H, m).  3-6 436.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.84 (d, J = 1.17 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dt, J = 6.75, 8.27 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.25 (dd, J = 1.96, 16.82 Hz, 1H), 5.79 (dd, J = 1.86, 10.66 Hz, 1H), 3.91-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.71 (m, 4H), 3.33 (s, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ −116.77 (1 F, s), −125.66 (1 F, d, J = 2.6 Hz)  3-7 438.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.08 (s, 1 H), 7.53-7.62 (m, 1 H), 7.47 (td, J = 9.7, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (td, J = 8.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.71- 5.79 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.6 Hz, 4 H), 3.63 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 4 H)  3-8 432.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.38 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.77 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.58 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.72-5.80 (m, 1 H), 3.77-3.93 (m, 4 H), 3.62 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4 H), 1.94 (s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.66 (s, 1 F)  3-9 467.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.05 (s, 1 H) 7.54 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1 H) 7.10 (dd, J = 8.8, 3.1 Hz, 1 H) 7.02-7.07 (m, 1 H) 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H) 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 5.72-5.79 (m, 1 H) 3.86 (br d, J = 19.4 Hz, 4 H) 3.79 (s, 3 H) 3.62 (t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.83 (s, 1 F)  3-10 454.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.09 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (s, 1 H), 7.39 (dd, J = 11.0, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.97 (dd, J = 9.5, 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.17 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.75 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.76-3.95 (m, 4 H), 3.62 (br t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −122.67 (br s, 1 F), −123.60 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1 F), −130.52 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1 F)  3-11 453.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.83- 10.02 (1 H, m), 8.04 (1 H, s), 7.40 (1 H, br d, J = 8.6 Hz), 6.76-7.03 (3 H, m), 6.12-6.22 (1 H, m), 5.69-5.82 (1 H, m), 3.86 (4 H, br d, J = 18.6 Hz), 3.63 (4 H, br d, J = 4.7 Hz). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.09 (s, 1 F)  3-12 431.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.00 (s, 1 H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.57 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.39 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.69- 5.85 (m, 1 H), 4.99 (s, 2 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.6 Hz, 4 H), 3.56-3.70 (m, 4 H), 1.88 (s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.75 (1 F, s)  3-13 473.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (s, 1 H), 8.05 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (br d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (s, 1 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.5, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.8 Hz, 4 H), 3.63 (br t, J = 4.9 Hz, 4 H), 2.03 (s, 3 H), 2.01 (s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.58 (s, 1 F)  3-14 435.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03 (s, 1 H), 7.01 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 1 H), 6.52 (dd, J = 6.1, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.70- 5.81 (m, 1 H), 5.11 (s, 2 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.6 Hz, 4 H), 3.52-3.69 (m, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.91 (s, 1 F), −131.17 (s, 1 F)  3-15 453.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.06 (s, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.63 (ddd, J = 13.0, 6.6, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.33 (br d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.71-5.82 (m, 1 H), 5.44 (s, 2 H), 3.76-3.96 (m, 4 H), 3.56- 3.71 (m, 4 H)  3-16 453.9 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.12 (s, 1 H), 8.08 (s, 1 H), 6.92 (ddd, J = 12.3, 6.5, 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.58-6.65 (m, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.72- 5.79 (m, 1 H), 3.78-3.92 (m, 4 H), 3.63 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 4 H)  3-17 486.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.86 (br s, 1 H), 8.05 (s, 1 H), 7.68 (s, 1 H), 6.96 (s, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.78- 3.93 (m, 4 H), 3.56-3.68 (m, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.87 (s, 1 F)  3-18 469.9 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.36- 10.69 (m, 1 H), 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.55 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.70-5.80 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.8 Hz, 4 H), 3.62 (br t, J = 5.1 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.82 (s, 1 F), −132.61 (br s, 1 F)  3-19 451.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.01 (s, 1 H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.66 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.54 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.17 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.67- 5.82 (m, 1 H), 5.40 (s, 2 H), 3.85 (br d, J = 19.4 Hz, 4 H), 3.54-3.73 (m, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.25 (1 F, s)  3-20 485.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.50 (s, 1 H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.79 (s, 1 H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.6, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.70 (s, 2 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.8 Hz, 4 H), 3.63 (br d, J = 4.9 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.05 (br s, 1 F)  3-21 445.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.54 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1 H), 8.29 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 7.47 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.78 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.10 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.62-5.75 (m, 1 H), 3.71-3.88 (m, 4 H), 3.56 (br t, J = 5.3 Hz, 4 H), 2.49-2.64 (m, 1 H), 1.10 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H), 1.01 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.04 (1 F, s)  3-22 486.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.52 (br s, 1 H), 8.07 (s, 1 H), 7.14 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.78-6.93 (m, 2 H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.70-5.82 (m, 1 H), 3.79-3.92 (m, 4 H), 3.63 (br t, J = 5.0 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.13 (s, 1 F)  3-23 452.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03- 8.14 (m, 3 H) 7.41-7.69 (m, 5 H) 6.84- 6.91 (m, 1 H) 6.17-6.22 (m, 1 H) 5.76- 5.79 (m, 1 H) 3.86-3.91 (m, 4 H) 3.65- 3.67 (m, 4 H)  3-24 453 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.78- 8.87 (m, 1 H) 8.43-8.54 (m, 1 H) 8.04- 8.40 (m, 2 H) 7.45-7.79 (m, 2 H) 7.53- 7.65 (m, 1 H) 6.74-6.98 (m, 1 H) 6.09- 6.26 (m, 1 H) 5.79-5.81 (m, 1 H) 3.83- 3.93 (m, 4 H) 3.52-3.66 (m, 4 H)  3-25 442 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.03 (s, 1 H) 6.81-6.98 (m, 4 H) 6.15-6.20 (m, 1 H) 5.72-5.86 (m, 3 H) 3.83-3.88 (m, 4 H) 3.6-3.62 (m, 4 H)  4-1 480.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.82- 10.04 (1 H, m), 7.79 (1 H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.66 (1 H, s), 7.43 (1 H, dt, J = 8.3, 4.0 Hz), 7.26 (1 H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 7.22 (2 H, d, J = 3.7 Hz), 7.05 (1 H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.26-6.38 (1 H, m), 6.12 (1 H, dd, J = 16.8, 2.2 Hz), 5.66-5.72 (1 H, m), 4.58- 4.67 (4 H, m), 4.50 (2 H, s), 4.22 (2 H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.98 (1 F, s)  4-2 418.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.65 (1 H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 6.25-6.36 (1 H, m), 6.10 (1 H, dd, J = 17.0, 2.3 Hz), 5.64- 5.72 (1 H, m), 4.58 (4 H, s), 4.47 (2 H, s), 4.18 (2 H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −113.54 (1 F, s)  4-3 494.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.93 (1 H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.67 (1 H, s), 7.45- 7.57 (2 H, m), 7.23-7.36 (2 H, m), 7.16 (1 H, d, J = 2.5 Hz), 6.27-6.39 (1 H, m), 6.11 (1 H, dd, J = 17.0, 2.2 Hz), 5.65- 5.76 (1 H, m), 4.58-4.67 (4 H, m), 4.50 (2 H, s), 4.22 (2 H, s), 3.93 (3 H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.88 (1 F, s)  4-4 391.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.93 (1 H, br s), 7.63-7.77 (1 H, m), 6.04-6.33 (2 H, m), 5.60-5.77 (1 H, m), 4.89 (1 H, br d, J = 3.3 Hz), 4.72 (2 H, br dd, J = 8.1, 3.6 Hz), 4.28 (2 H, br dd, J = 8.0, 3.9 Hz). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −113.24 (1 F, s)  4-5 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.92- 9.00 (1 H, m), 7.93 (1 H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.72 (1 H, s), 7.45-7.60 (2 H, m), 7.25- 7.36 (2 H, m), 7.17 (1 H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.08-6.36 (2 H, m), 5.69 (1 H, dd, J = 9.8, 2.2 Hz), 4.87-5.01 (1 H, m), 4.69- 4.84 (2 H, m), 4.33 (2 H, br d, J = 3.3 Hz), 3.94 (3 H, s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.93 (1 F, s)  4-6 454.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.95 (1 H, s), 8.97 (1 H, d, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.80 (1 H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.72 (1 H, s), 7.39- 7.49 (1 H, m), 7.16-7.32 (3 H, m), 7.05 (1 H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.08-6.36 (2 H, m), 5.65-5.73 (1 H, m), 4.87-5.05 (1 H, m), 4.77 (2 H, td, J = 8.2, 2.6 Hz), 4.33 (2 H, br t, J = 6.2 Hz). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.03 (1 F, s)  4-7 391.8 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.23- 9.42 (1 H, m), 8.04 (1 H, d, J = 1.0 Hz), 6.37 (1 H, dd, J = 17.0, 10.2 Hz), 6.15 (1 H, dd, J = 17.0, 2.0 Hz), 5.65-5.86 (1 H, m), 4.70 (1 H, br t, J = 8.0 Hz), 4.35- 4.48 (1 H, m), 4.25-4.33 (1 H, m), 4.22 (1 H, br dd, J = 9.0, 4.3 Hz), 3.99 (1 H, br dd, J = 10.3, 4.4 Hz). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −113.81 (1 F, s)  4-8 420.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.64 (1 H, br s), 8.15 (1 H, br d, J = 8.8 Hz), 6.58- 6.97 (1 H, m), 5.97-6.27 (1 H, m), 5.58- 5.74 (1 H, m), 4.50 (1 H, br d, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.91 (1 H, br d, J = 13.5 Hz), 3.14- 3.28 (2 H, m), 2.85-2.97 (1 H, m), 2.08- 2.23 (1 H, m), 1.79-1.91 (1 H, m), 1.64- 1.78 (1 H, m), 1.45-1.60 (1 H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −114.17 (1 F, br s)  4-9 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.87- 10.07 (1 H, m), 8.50-8.70 (1 H, m), 8.06- 8.23 (1 H, m), 7.70-7.88 (1 H, m), 7.39- 7.48 (1 H, m), 7.19-7.28 (3 H, m), 7.02- 7.08 (1 H, m), 6.68-6.93 (1 H, m), 6.05- 6.23 (1 H, m), 5.64-5.78 (1 H, m), 4.51- 4.63 (1 H, m), 4.06-4.17 (1 H, m), 3.91- 4.04 (1 H, m), 3.14-3.30 (1 H, m), 2.91- 3.01 (1 H, m), 2.14-2.29 (1 H, m), 1.83- 1.96 (1 H, m), 1.68-1.82 (1 H, m), 1.49- 1.65 (1 H, m).  5-1 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.89- 10.10 (m, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.73 (s, 1 H), 7.43 (ddd, J = 8.2, 5.1, 2.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 3 H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.81 (dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.10-6.23 (m, 1 H), 5.69-5.81 (m, 1 H), 5.37-5.59 (m, 1 H), 4.63-4.74 (m, 3 H), 4.53-4.61 (m, 1 H), 3.14-3.23 (m, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO- d₆) δ −124.10 (1 F, s)  5-2 468.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.89- 10.09 (m, 1 H), 8.70 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (s, 1 H), 7.39-7.46 (m, 1 H), 7.16-7.31 (m, 3 H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.20-6.32 (m, 1 H), 6.08- 6.18 (m, 1 H), 5.65 (dd, J = 10.1, 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 4.57 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9 Hz, 2 H), 4.40 (br d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2 H), 1.67 (s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.13 (1 F, s)  5-3 484.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.95 (s, 1 H), 8.74 (s, 1 H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.70 (s, 1 H), 7.42 (br t, J = 6.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.16-7.28 (m, 3 H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 6.23-6.41 (m, 1 H), 6.07- 6.19 (m, 1 H), 5.66 (dd, J = 10.1, 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.36 (br t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (s, 4 H), 3.74 (br d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.12 (1 F, s)  5-4 482.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.99 (s, 1 H), 8.02 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.38-7.52 (m, 1 H), 7.16-7.34 (m, 3 H), 7.07 (s, 1 H), 6.75-6.96 (m, 1 H), 6.11-6.35 (m, 1 H), 5.66-5.90 (m, 1 H), 4.43-4.91 (m, 1 H), 4.07-4.39 (m, 1 H), 3.90-4.05 (m, 1 H), 3.71-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.61 (br d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.33-3.51 (m, 2 H), 1.36 (br s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.10 (1 F, s)  5-5 480.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.38-7.49 (m, 1 H), 7.16- 7.29 (m, 3 H), 7.05 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1 H), 6.54-6.86 (m, 1 H), 6.14-6.31 (m, 1 H), 5.74-5.80 (m, 1 H), 5.21-5.40 (m, 1 H), 4.96-5.17 (m, 1 H), 4.61-4.73 (m, 1 H), 4.15-4.42 (m, 2 H), 3.55-3.92 (m, 1 H), 2.25-2.47 (m, 1 H), 1.93-2.20 (m, 1 H)  5-6 480.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.69 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.43 (dt, J = 8.1, 4.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.19- 7.25 (m, 2 H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 6.55-6.83 (m, 1 H), 6.23 (ddd, J = 16.5, 7.5, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.79 (br d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.22-5.40 (m, 1 H), 4.96-5.18 (m, 1 H), 4.61-4.72 (m, 1 H), 4.18-4.44 (m, 2 H), 3.57-3.94 (m, 1 H), 2.27-2.45 (m, 1 H), 1.92-2.24 (m, 1 H)  5-7 482.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (1 H, br s), 8.02 (1 H, s), 7.80 (1 H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.35-7.53 (1 H, m), 7.17-7.33 (3 H, m), 7.07 (1 H, d, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.84 (1 H, dd, J = 16.7, 10.5 Hz), 6.19 (1 H, dd, J = 16.8, 1.7 Hz), 5.68-5.83 (1 H, m), 4.43-4.93 (1 H, m), 4.08-4.39 (1 H, m), 3.93-4.05 (1 H, m), 3.79 (1 H, br d, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.54-3.66 (1 H, m), 3.37- 3.50 (2 H, m), 1.35 (3 H, br s). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.81 (1 F, d, J = 16.5 Hz)  5-8 480.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (s, 1 H), 7.86 (br d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.37-7.53 (m, 1 H), 7.19-7.31 (m, 3 H), 7.06 (br s, 1 H), 6.25- 6.55 (m, 1 H), 6.11-6.24 (m, 1 H), 5.64- 5.82 (m, 1 H), 5.14-5.44 (m, 1 H), 5.03- 5.12 (m, 1 H), 4.24-4.59 (m, 1 H), 3.63- 4.20 (m, 3 H), 2.22-2.48 (m, 2 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.17-−123.93 (m, 1 F)  5-9 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (s, 1 H), 8.04 (s, 1 H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.38-7.52 (m, 1 H), 7.15-7.35 (m, 3 H), 7.07 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.39 (dd, J = 17.0, 10.4 Hz, 1 H), 6.16 (dd, J = 17.0, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 5.66-5.81 (m, 1 H), 4.94- 5.06 (m, 1 H), 4.67 (br t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.49 (br dd, J = 9.4, 5.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.31-4.43 (m, 1 H), 4.21 (br dd, J = 10.6, 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.43 (s, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −124.00 (s, 1 F)  6-1 452.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.97- 8.10 (m, 1 H), 7.60 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.57 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.38 (s, 2 H), 6.19 (dd, J = 16.8, 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.71-5.84 (m, 1 H), 3.86 (br d, J = 19.9 Hz, 4 H), 3.63 (br d, J = 1.0 Hz, 4 H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −126.04 (1 F, s)  6-2 437.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.67- 8.79 (1 H, m), 8.18 (1 H, dd, J = 8.3, 1.0 Hz), 8.10 (1 H, s), 7.61 (1 H, dd, J = 8.2, 4.7 Hz), 6.86 (1 H, dd, J = 16.6, 10.4 Hz), 6.19 (1 H, dd, J = 16.8, 2.3 Hz), 5.77 (1 H, dd, J = 10.4, 2.3 Hz), 3.79- 3.97 (4 H, m), 3.58-3.73 (4 H, m). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −125.75 (1 F, s)  7-1 518.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.13 (br. s., 1 H) 8.12 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 7.80 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1 H) 7.43 (br t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1 H) 7.20-7.30 (m, 3 H) 7.08 (dd, J = 5.8, 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 6.78-6.91 (m, 1 H) 6.27- 6.70 (m, 1 H) 6.20 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.0 Hz, 1 H) 5.76-5.84 (m, 1 H) 4.73-4.87 (m, 1 H) 4.19-4.72 (m, 2 H) 3.55-3.90 (m, 3 H) 3.36-3.47 (m, 1 H)  7-2 500.0 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.73-10.17 (m, 1H), 8.04-8.12 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.15-6.24 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.83 (m, 1H), 4.57-4.92 (m, 3H), 4.14-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.21-3.29 (m, 1H)  7-3 526.0 ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 9.76-10.22 (m, 1H), 8.09-8.14 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.39-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.04-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.82 (br. s., 1H), 6.14-6.22 (m, 1H), 5.77-5.83 (m, 1H), 3.68-5.36 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.67 (m, 3H)  8-1 547 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.06 (br. d, J = 15.1 Hz, 1 H) 8.03 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H) 7.51-7.56 (m, 1 H) 7.45 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H) 7.33 (tdd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 3.8, 1.4 Hz, 1 H) 7.14-7.25 (m, 2 H) 6.84 (dd, J = 16.8, 10.4 Hz, 1 H) 6.62-6.74 (m, 2 H) 6.14-6.26 (m, 2 H) 5.71-5.78 (m, 1 H) 3.71-3.99 (m, 8 H) 2.52-2.59 (m, 1 H) 1.02-1.12 (m, 6 H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −113.6 (s, 1 F) −114.8 (s, 1 F).  8-2 548.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.61 (1 H, br s) 8.17 (1 H, s) 7.49-7.55 (2 H, m) 7.35-7.43 (1 H, m) 7.23-7.30 (1 H, m) 7.09 (1 H, d, J = 7.88 Hz) 6.58-6.72 (3 H, m) 6.41 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 1.66 Hz) 5.82 (1 H, dd, J = 10.47, 1.55 Hz) 3.80- 4.15 (8 H, m) 2.71 (1 H, spt, J = 6.84 Hz) 1.23 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz) 1.03 (4 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz)  8-3 561 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.81 (s, 1 H) 7.35-7.49 (m, 2 H) 7.18-7.32 (m, 1 H) 7.01-7.17 (m, 2 H) 6.67-6.74 (m, 1 H) 6.48-6.65 (m, 3 H) 6.32-6.44 (m, 1 H) 5.77-5.83 (m, 1 H) 4.19-5.14 (m, 3 H) 3.75-3.98 (m, 1 H) 3.41-3.68 (m, 2 H) 2.85-3.28 (m, 1 H) 2.49-2.71 (m, 1 H) 1.34-1.54 (m, 3 H) 1.13-1.21 (m, 3 H) 1.00-1.07 (m, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −113.43-−113.3 (m, 1 F) −114.3-−113.9 (m, 1 F).  8-3-1 561.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82 (s, 1 H) 7.37-7.51 (m, 2 H) 7.21-7.34 (m, 1 H) 7.05-7.20 (m, 2 H) 6.70 (br d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H) 6.52-6.67 (m, 3 H) 6.39 (dd, J = 16.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H) 5.80 (dd, J = 10.5, 1.6 Hz, 1 H) 4.26-5.00 (m, 3 H) 3.40- 4.00 (m, 3 H) 3.06-3.24 (m, 1 H) 2.52- 2.69 (m, 1 H) 1.20 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6 H) 1.04 (br d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −113.31 (br d, J = 63.3 Hz, 1 F) −113.99 (br d, J = 33.8 Hz, 1 F).  8-3-2 561.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.79 (br s, 1 H) 7.35-7.48 (m, 2 H) 7.21-7.32 (m, 1 H) 7.04-7.17 (m, 2 H) 6.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H) 6.49-6.66 (m, 3 H) 6.36 (br d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H) 5.78 (dd, J = 10.4, 1.9 Hz, 1 H) 4.29-5.11 (m, 2 H) 3.46-4.02 (m, 3 H) 2.93-3.29 (m, 2 H) 2.49-2.68 (m, 1 H) 1.48 (dd, J = 14.5, 2.1 Hz, 6 H) 1.03 (br d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3 H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −113.32 (br d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1 F) −114.02-−113.78 (m, 1 F).  8-4 576 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.58 (s, 1 H) 8.13 (s, 1 H) 7.41-7.50 (m, 1 H) 7.32 (s, 1 H) 7.30 (s, 1 H) 7.22-7.30 (m, 1 H) 6.53-6.75 (m, 3 H) 6.42 (dd, J = 16.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H) 5.77-5.86 (m, 1 H) 3.53- 5.25 (m, 6 H) 2.98-3.34 (m, 1 H) 2.16- 2.49 (m, 4 H) 1.52 (br d, J = 19.5 Hz, 3 H) 1.07-1.17 (m, 6 H). ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −104.8 (br. s., 1 F) −104.9 (br. s., 1 F).  8-5 546.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.08-10.10 (m, 1 H) 8.47-8.48 (m, 1 H) 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.16-7.26 (m, 1H) 7.04-7.25 (m, 1 H) 6.82-6.90 (m, 1 H) 6.63-6.77 (m, 2 H) 6.30-6.31 (m, 1 H) 6.16-6.21 (m, 1 H) 5.72-5.79 (m, 1 H) 3.84-4.02 (m, 6 H) 3.76-3.81 (m, 2 H), 1.54-1.55 (m, 1 H) 1.23 (s, 2H) 0.74-0.85 (m, 1 H), 0.52-0.69 (m, 1 H)  8-6 562.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.62 (1 H, br s) 8.10-8.13 (1 H, m) 7.49-7.56 (2 H, m) 7.35-7.43 (1 H, m) 7.22-7.30 (1 H, m) 7.10 (1 H, br s) 6.54-6.73 (3 H, m) 6.38-6.45 (1 H, m) 5.82 (1 H, dd, J = 10.57, 1.45 Hz) 2.60-5.27 (8 H, m) 1.42- 1.54 (3 H, m) 1.23 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz) 1.03 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz)  9-1 611.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.42 (br d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.86-8.11 (m, 1 H), 7.50-7.63 (m, 1 H), 7.47 (br t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.36 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.15-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.05 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.78-6.96 (m, 1 H), 6.44-6.58 (m, 1 H), 6.11-6.29 (m, 2 H), 5.71-5.82 (m, 1 H), 4.68-4.98 (m, 1 H), 3.96-4.52 (m, 3 H), 3.52-3.85 (m, 2 H), 3.34-3.51 (m, 1 H), 2.95-3.26 (m, 1 H), 1.27-1.41 (m, 3 H), 0.95-1.13 (m, 6 H)  9-2 531.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.91- 8.08 (m, 1 H), 7.49-7.67 (m, 2 H), 7.41 (br d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.21 (br s, 1 H), 6.76-6.98 (m, 1 H), 6.52-6.67 (m, 1 H), 6.09-6.29 (m, 1 H), 5.75 (br s, 1 H), 4.61- 4.96 (m, 1 H), 4.23-4.48 (m, 1 H), 3.93- 4.21 (m, 2 H), 3.50-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.33- 3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.23-3.28 (m, 1 H), 2.94- 3.24 (m, 1 H), 1.27 (br d, J = 9.3 Hz, 6 H), 1.09 (br s, 3 H)  9-3 576.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.88- 8.01 (m, 1 H), 7.49-7.61 (m, 1 H), 7.46 (br t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.36 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1 H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 1 H), 7.08 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1 H), 6.76-6.95 (m, 1 H), 6.57 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 6.17-6.32 (m, 2 H), 6.11-6.16 (m, 1 H), 5.72-5.81 (m, 1 H), 5.40 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.66- 4.99 (m, 1 H), 4.21-4.52 (m, 2 H), 3.94- 4.20 (m, 2 H), 3.53-3.82 (m, 2 H), 3.36- 3.51 (m, 1 H), 1.27-1.40 (m, 3 H), 0.95- 1.12 (m, 6 H)  9-4 593.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.94 (br. s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.42 (m, 3H), 7.11-7.27 (m, 4H), 6.68-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.14-6.36 (m, 2H), 5.70-5.83 (m, 1H), 3.72-4.12 (m, 8H), 2.23-2.40 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.65 (m, 2H), 0.95-1.16 (m, 3H), 0.36-0.75 (m, 3H).  9-5 530.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.97 (s, 1 H) 7.85-7.90 (m, 2 H) 7.64- 7.72 (m, 2 H) 7.10-7.18 (m, 1 H) 6.73- 6.78 (m, 1 H) 6.57-6.67 (m, 2 H) 6.33 (s, 1 H) 6.10-6.14 (m, 1 H) 5.66-5.72 (m, 1 H) 3.85-3.96 (m, 4 H) 3.48-3.79 (m, 2 H) 3.68-3.75 (m, 2 H)  9-6 546.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.92-10.25 (m, 1 H) 8.44-8.82 (m, 1 H) 8.27-8.40 (m, 1 H) 7.99 (s, 1 H) 7.27-7.28 (m, 1 H) 7.11-7.21 (m, 1 H) 6.72-6.91 (m, 1 H) 6.48-6.71 (m, 2 H) 6.03-6.31 (m, 2 H) 5.48-5.79 (m, 1 H) 3.57 4.16 (m, 8 H) 1.36-1.70 (m, 1 H) 0.21-0.92 (m, 4 H)  9-7 561.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.44-8.56 (m, 1 H) 8.41-8.44 (m, 1 H) 8.00-8.03 (m, 1 H) 7.35-7.37 (m, 1 H) 7.14-7.23 (m, 1 H) 6.75-6.83 (m, 1 H), 6.56-6.66 (m, 2 H) 6.40-6.46 (m, 1 H) 6.25-6.31 (m, 1 H) 5.75-5.82 (m, 1 H) 4.42-4.67 (m, 2 H) 3.59-3.89 (m, 2 H) 1.57-1.70 (m, 1 H) 1.45-1.52 (m, 3 H) 1.27 (s, 4H) 0.80-0.88 (m, 3 H)  9-8 561.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.43-8.50 (m, 1 H) 8.30-8.36 (m, 1 H) 7.91-7.97 (m, 1 H) 7.25-7.32 (m, 1 H) 7.07-7.14 (m, 1 H) 6.70-6.78 (m, 1 H) 6.47-6.60 (m, 2 H) 6.33-6.41 (m, 1 H) 6.16-6.26 (m, 1 H) 5.68-5.77 (m, 1 H) 4.32-4.52 (m, 2 H) 3.50-3.81 (m, 2 H) 1.51-1.62 (m, 1 H) 1.36-1.41 (m, 3 H) 1.19 (s, 4 H) 0.74-0.85 (m, 3 H)  9-9 581.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.48-8.57 (m, 1 H) 8.31-8.41 (m, 1 H) 8.13-8.18 (m, 1 H) 7.38-7.54 (m, 3 H) 7.28-7.40 (m, 1 H) 6.82-6.95 (m, 1 H) 6.45-6.50 (m, 1 H) 6.28-6.38 (m, 1 H) 5.81-5.90 (m, 1 H) 4.47-4.63 (m, 2 H) 4.07-4.25 (m, 1 H) 3.63-3.94 (m, 2 H) 2.13-2.21 (m, 3 H) 1.62-1.75 (m, 1 H) 1.51-1.57 (m, 3 H) 1.27-1.37 (m, 3 H) 0.86-0.95 (m, 3 H)  9-10 597.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.01 (br d, J = 18.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.50-7.58 (m, 1 H), 7.39-7.49 (m, 2 H), 7.35 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.09- 7.27 (m, 2 H), 6.78-6.97 (m, 1 H), 6.14- 6.29 (m, 2 H), 5.71-5.82 (m, 1 H), 4.70- 4.98 (m, 1 H), 3.98-4.54 (m, 3 H), 3.39- 3.85 (m, 2 H), 2.91-3.29 (m, 1 H), 1.27- 1.41 (m, 3 H), 1.10 (br t, J = 6.2 Hz, 3 H), 0.94-1.07 (m, 3 H)  9-11 561.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.99 (br d, J = 16.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.49-7.68 (m, 2 H), 7.29-7.48 (m, 4 H), 7.10-7.26 (m, 2 H), 6.76-6.96 (m, 1 H), 6.12-6.31 (m, 2 H), 5.71-5.82 (m, 1 H), 4.68-4.97 (m, 1 H), 3.95-4.51 (m, 3 H), 3.44-3.85 (m, 2 H), 2.92-3.26 (m, 2 H), 1.27-1.41 (m, 3 H), 1.06-1.17 (m, 3 H), 0.92-1.06 (m, 3 H)  9-12 583 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.35 (s, 1 H) 8.08 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.51-7.59 (m, 1 H) 7.34-7.44 (m, 3 H) 7.21 (td, J = 7.7, 0.8 Hz, 1 H) 6.85 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H) 6.56-6.75 (m, 1 H) 6.45 (dd, J = 16.8, 1.7 Hz, 1 H) 5.81-5.90 (m, 1 H) 4.33-5.25 (m, 3 H) 3.82-4.01 (m, 1 H) 3.05-3.71 (m, 3 H) 2.40-2.58 (m, 2 H) 2.20-2.37 (m, 2 H) 1.57 (br d, J = 18.0 Hz, 3 H) 1.10 (td, J = 7.6, 0.8 Hz, 6 H).  9-13 579.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (0.5 H, s) 7.92 (0.5 H, s) 7.69-7.74 (1 H, m) 7.18-7.51 (7 H, m) 7.11-7.16 (1 H, m) 6.88 (1 H, dd, J = 25.82, 2.54 Hz) 6.59- 6.68 (2 H, m) 6.42 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.82 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.56 Hz) 3.81-4.11 (8 H, m) 2.65-2.74 (1 H, m) 1.25 (1.5 H, d, J = 6.85 Hz) 1.22 (1.5 H, d, J = 6.85 Hz) 1.13 (1.5 H, d, J = 6.85 Hz) 0.98 (1.5 H, d, J = 6.85 Hz)  9-14 540.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.21 (0.6 H, br s) 10.12 (0.4 H, br s) 8.29- 8.35 (1 H, m) 7.28-7.38 (1 H, m) 6.73- 6.85 (3 H, m) 6.17 (1 H, dd, J = 16.59, 2.28 Hz) 5.74 (1 H, dd, J = 10.37, 2.28 Hz) 5.30-5.38 (0.6 H, m) 5.00-5.06 (0.4 H, m) 3.61-3.96 (8 H, m) 2.90- 3.06 (1 H, m) 1.69-1.83 (1 H, m) 1.15- 1.52 (6 H, m) 0.69-1.04 (6 H, m) 10-1 503.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.15 (1 H, br s) 8.33 (1 H, s) 7.36-7.45 (2 H, m) 7.24-7.36 (4 H, m) 6.90 (1 H, dd, J = 16.63, 10.37 Hz) 6.70-6.80 (2 H, m) 6.18 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 2.25 Hz) 5.75 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 2.15 Hz) 3.83-3.97 (4 H, m) 3.47-3.62 (4 H, m) 1.98-2.06 (3 H, m) 10-2 519.2 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.16-8.24 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.13 (m, 1H), 6.92-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.57-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.40 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.81-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.49-3.71 (m, 7H), 2.52-2.66 (m, 1H). 10-3 537.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.35 (1 H, s) 7.38-7.42 (1 H, m) 7.37 (1 H, s) 7.31-7.36 (2 H, m) 7.21 (1 H, td, J = 8.31, 6.85 Hz) 6.83 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.69 (1 H, d, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.63 (1 H, br t, J = 8.80 Hz) 6.24 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.77 (1 H, dd, J = 10.66, 1.86 Hz) 3.94-4.01 (4 H, m) 3.58-3.66 (4 H, m) 1.99-2.04 (3 H, m) 10-4 531.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.34 (1 H, s) 7.44-7.51 (2 H, m) 7.34 (1 H, d, J = 4.30 Hz) 7.27-7.32 (1 H, m) 7.15-7.25 (2 H, m) 6.83 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.66 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.57-6.64 (1 H, m) 6.21-6.27 (1 H, m) 5.77 (1 H, dd, J = 10.66, 1.86 Hz) 3.93-4.02 (4 H, m) 3.56-3.65 (4 H, m) 2.46-2.56 (1 H, m) 0.98-1.13 (6 H, m) 10-5 517.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.44 (1 H, s) 7.46-7.57 (3 H, m) 7.26- 7.44 (3 H, m) 6.94 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.77 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.68- 6.75 (1 H, m) 6.35 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.86 Hz) 5.88 (1 H, dd, J = 10.76, 1.96 Hz) 4.04-4.12 (4 H, m) 3.67-3.76 (4 H, m) 2.36-2.60 (2 H, m) 1.06 (3 H, q, J = 7.63 Hz) 10-6 504.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.56 (1 H, br d, J = 5.09 Hz) 8.51 (1 H, s) 8.42 (1 H, s) 7.49 (1 H, br d, J = 5.09 Hz) 7.43 (1 H, s) 7.22-7.29 (1 H, m) 6.87 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.72 (1 H, br d, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.67 (1 H, br t, J = 8.71 Hz) 6.28 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.27 Hz) 5.79-5.84 (1 H, m) 3.98-4.06 (4 H, m) 3.64-3.73 (4 H, m) 2.19 (3 H, s) 10-7 517.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.46 (1 H, s) 7.24-7.41 (5 H, m) 6.93 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.76 (1 H, d, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.68-6.74 (1 H, m) 6.34 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.87 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.96 Hz) 4.05-4.11 (4 H, m) 3.68-3.76 (4 H, m) 2.02 (3 H, s) 2.00 (3 H, s) 10-8 504.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.62 (1 H, dd, J = 4.89, 1.56 Hz) 8.43 (1 H, s) 7.87 (1 H, dd, J = 7.73, 1.47 Hz) 7.48 (1 H, dd, J = 7.63, 5.09 Hz) 7.43 (1 H, s) 7.27 (1 H, td, J = 8.31, 6.85 Hz) 6.89 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.74 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.68 (1 H, t, J = 8.80 Hz) 6.30 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.86 Hz) 5.83 (1 H, dd, J = 10.66, 1.86 Hz) 3.99-4.07 (4 H, m) 3.65-3.74 (4 H, m) 2.34 (3 H, s) 10-9 528.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.33 (1 H, s) 7.75 (1 H, s) 7.52-7.56 (1 H, m) 7.12-7.28 (4 H, m) 6.82 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.64 (1 H, d, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.55-6.61 (1 H, m) 6.24 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.96 Hz) 6.14 (1 H, dd, J = 3.33, 0.78 Hz) 5.77 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.96 Hz) 3.91-4.01 (4 H, m) 3.55-3.63 (4 H, m) 10-10 529.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.52 (1 H, s) 7.55-7.63 (2 H, m) 7.44- 7.51 (2 H, m) 7.35-7.43 (1 H, m) 7.24 (1 H, t, J = 7.04 Hz) 7.02 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.83-6.90 (1 H, m) 6.76-6.83 (1 H, m) 6.43 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.66 Hz) 5.97 (1 H, dd, J = 10.66, 1.66 Hz) 4.13-4.19 (4 H, m) 3.76-3.82 (4 H, m) 1.56-1.70 (1 H, m) 0.70-0.92 (3 H, m) 0.55-0.68 (1 H, m) 10-11 523.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.40 (1 H, s) 7.50-7.70 (4 H, m) 7.42 (1 H, s) 7.22-7.30 (1 H, m) 6.89 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.63-6.76 (2 H, m) 6.30 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.86 Hz) 5.83 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.96 Hz) 3.98-4.10 (4 H, m) 3.62-3.76 (4 H, m) 10-12 543.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.45 (1 H, s) 7.63-7.67 (1 H, m) 7.51- 7.54 (1 H, m) 7.44-7.48 (1 H, m) 7.34- 7.37 (1 H, m) 7.21 (1 H, td, J = 8.22, 6.85 Hz) 6.90 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.58-6.72 (2 H, m) 6.31 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.84 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.96 Hz) 4.03-4.08 (4 H, m) 3.69-3.75 (4 H, m) 2.22 (1.25 H, s) 2.20 (1.75 H, s) 10-13 447.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 10.26 (1 H, br s) 8.31 (1 H, s) 8.14 (1 H, s) 7.31- 7.40 (1 H, m) 6.78-6.92 (3 H, m) 6.17 (1 H, dd, J = 16.63, 2.35 Hz) 5.74 (1 H, dd, J = 10.37, 2.35 Hz) 3.79-3.92 (4 H, m) 3.46-3.55 (4 H, m) 11-1-1 567.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.28 (1 H, br s) 7.94 (1 H, s) 7.35-7.49 (4 H, m) 7.25-7.31 (2 H, m) 7.11 (1 H, d, J = 7.67 Hz) 6.64 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 10.57 Hz) 6.54 (1 H, s) 6.41 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 1.87 Hz) 5.81 (1 H, dd, J = 10.57, 1.66 Hz) 3.83-4.07 (8 H, m) 2.74 (1 H, spt, J = 6.84 Hz) 2.13 (3 H, s) 1.23 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz) 1.04 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz) 11-1-2 567.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.37 (1 H, br s) 7.94 (1 H, s) 7.34-7.50 (4 H, m) 7.21-7.31 (2 H, m) 7.13 (1 H, d, J = 7.67 Hz) 6.64 (1 H, dd, J = 16.90, 10.68 Hz) 6.55 (1 H, s) 6.41 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 1.66 Hz) 5.81 (1 H, dd, J = 10.47, 1.55 Hz) 3.83-4.08 (8 H, m) 2.70 (1 H, spt, J = 6.84 Hz) 2.13 (3 H, s) 1.22 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz) 1.03 (3 H, d, J = 6.84 Hz). MS (ESI, +ve) m/z: 567.2 [M + H]⁺. 11-2-1 581.3 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.12-8.21 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.56 (m, 6H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.30-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.79-5.94 (m, 1H), 5.02-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.07-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.67 (s, 2H), 3.21-3.51 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.54 (br d, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.05 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) 11-2-2 581.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.58 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.81- 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.29-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.87 (dd, J = 1.35, 10.68 Hz, 1H), 5.02-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.05-4.29 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.47 (m, 1H), 2.64-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 1.53 (br d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.23 (br d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.06 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H)

TABLE 13 Analytical Data for Individual Examples LRMS: (ESI, +ve Ex. # ion) m/z NMR 12 453.2 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.30-8.37 (m, 1H), 8.11-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.73-5.84 (m, 1H), 3.73-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.40-2.52 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.34 (m, 1H), 1.03-1.14 (m, 2H). m/z (ESI) M + H: 453.2. 13 504.2 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 7.96-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.77 (m, 1H), 6.54-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.29-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.82 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.96 (m, 4H), 3.12-3.43 (m, 4H). 14 481.2. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.10-8.22 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.61-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.33-6.44 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.82-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.63 (m, 4H), 2.06-2.24 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.79 (m, 2H). 15 496.2 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.08-8.15 (m, 1H), 7.98-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.43 (m, 1H), 5.72-5.84 (m, 1H), 3.77-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.32-3.38 (m, 4H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 4H), 1.64-1.70 (m, 2H) 16 505.2 ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ: 8.41-8.45 (m, 1H), 8.17-8.20 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.59-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.97-6.06 (m, 1H), 5.74-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.76-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.53 (m, 4H). 17-1 539.2 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.07 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 6H). 17-2 525.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.97 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.62-6.71 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.69 (m, 4H), 3.07 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 2H), 2.17 (s, 6H). 18-1 512.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (br. s, 1H), 5.20 (br. s, 1H), 5.14 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.85 (m, 4H), 3.54-3.66 (m, 4H). 18-2 560.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.96 (br. s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.29 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H), 4.38 (s, 1H), 4.38 (s, 2H), 3.84-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 4H). 18-3 498.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.98 (br. s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (br. s, 1H), 5.20 (br. s, 1H), 5.07-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.12 (br. s, 2H), 3.78-3.86 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.66 (m, 4H). 19-1 486.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J = 16.6, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.85-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.62-3.72 (m, 4H), 3.56 (s, 3H). 19-2 472.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.81-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.62-3.70 (m, 4H), 3.52 (s, 3H). 19-3 472.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.28 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.18 (dd, J = 16.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.76 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.94 (m, 4H), 3.58-3.66 (m, 4H). 20 512 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.93 (br s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 5.32 (s, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H), 3.83 (br s, 4H), 3.63 (br s, 4H), 3.53 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.42 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ −123.8 (s, 1F). 21 469 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.81 (dd, J = 4.2, 1.3 Hz, 1 H) 7.72-7.78 (m, 2 H) 7.64 (s, 1 H) 7.28 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1 H) 7.16 (dd, J = 8.4, 4.3 Hz, 1 H) 6.56-6.66 (m, 1 H) 6.40 (dd, J = 16.8, 1.6 Hz, 1 H) 5.78-5.87 (m, 1 H) 4.01 (br. s, 2 H) 3.89 (br. s, 2 H) 3.50-3.60 (m, 4 H). ¹⁹FNMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −121.33 (s, 1 F). 22 512.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 3.14- 3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.52-3.87 (m, 3 H) 4.15- 5.03 (m, 2 H) 5.15-5.23 (m, 1 H) 5.77- 5.83 (m, 1 H) 6.13-6.24 (m, 1 H) 6.86 (br. s, 1 H) 7.06-7.12 (m, 1 H) 7.20- 7.30 (m, 3 H) 7.38-7.49 (m, 1 H) 7.76- 7.84 (m, 1 H) 8.07-8.13 (m, 1 H) 9.98 (br. s, 1 H) 13.42 (br. s, 1 H). 23 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 12.92- 13.19 (1 H, m), 8.02-8.21 (1 H, m), 7.47- 7.60 (2 H, m), 7.02-7.09 (1 H, m), 6.80- 6.93 (1 H, m), 6.15-6.25 (1 H, m), 5.71- 5.82 (1 H, m), 3.80-3.96 (4 H, m), 3.60- 3.72 (4 H, m), 1.55-1.74 (1 H, m), 0.72- 0.79 (2 H, m), 0.58-0.71 (2 H, m). 24 482.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72- 6.84 (m, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.15-6.28 (m, 1H), 5.68-5.81 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.97 (m, 4H), 3.63 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H). 25 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J = 10.8, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 6.2 (dd, J = 1.5, 16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J = 1.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.66 (m, 4H) 26 468.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03-7.08 (m, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.67- 6.81 (m, 2H), 6.19 (dd, J = 1.8, 16.6 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (dd, J = 1.8, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.93 (m, 4H), 3.56-3.66 (m, 4H). 27 512.3 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.51 (0.6 H, br s) 8.98 (0.4 H, br s) 7.63 (0.4 H, s) 7.58 (0.6 H, s) 7.35-7.43 (2 H, m) 7.10- 7.26 (3 H, m) 6.78 (1 H, dd, J = 16.63, 8.22 Hz) 6.59-6.71 (2 H, m) 6.36 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.57 Hz) 5.78 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.37 Hz) 4.10-4.38 (4 H, m) 3.80- 4.03 (4 H, m) 2.60-2.72 (1 H, m) 2.61 (1.2 H, s) 2.59 (1.8 H, s) 0.91-1.08 (6 H, m) 28 517.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.27 (1 H, s) 8.15 (0.33 H, s) 8.10 (0.67 H, s) 7.19-7.31 (5 H, m) 7.10-7.16 (1 H, m) 6.86 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 10.66 Hz) 6.62-6.78 (2 H, m) 6.27 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.96 Hz) 5.80 (1 H, dd, J = 10.66, 1.86 Hz) 4.94-5.01 (1 H, m) 3.93-4.03 (4 H, m) 3.49-3.60 (4 H, m) 1.81 (3 H, d, J = 7.04 Hz) 29 521.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d₄) δ 8.32 (1 H, s) 8.19 (1 H, s) 7.26-7.34 (3 H, m) 6.98 (2 H, t, J = 8.71 Hz) 6.69- 6.91 (3 H, m) 6.28 (1 H, dd, J = 16.92, 1.86 Hz) 5.82 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.54-4.65 (2 H, m) 3.99 (4 H, m) 3.58 (4 H, m) 30 489.0 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 8.21 (1 H, s) 8.06 (1 H, s) 7.62-7.69 (2 H, m) 7.45-7.51 (3 H, m) 7.24-7.32 (1 H, m) 6.81-6.90 (1 H, m) 6.75 (1 H, t, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.65 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.38 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 3.86-4.02 (4 H, m) 3.57-3.76 (4 H, m) 31 489.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.15 (1 H, s) 8.12 (1 H, s) 7.68-7.73 (2 H, m) 7.53- 7.58 (3 H, m) 7.30 (1 H, br td, J = 8.22, 6.65 Hz) 6.88 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.78 (1 H, t, J = 8.61 Hz) 6.57 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.28 (1 H, dd, J = 16.73, 1.66 Hz) 5.71 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.56 Hz) 3.78-3.89 (4 H, m) 3.51-3.73 (4 H, m) 32 443.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (1 H, s) 8.11 (1 H, s) 7.32 (1 H, td, J = 8.31, 6.46 Hz) 6.88 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.77- 6.83 (1 H, m) 6.65 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1 H, dd, J = 10.47, 1.86 Hz) 4.18 (3 H, s) 3.79-4.05 (4 H, m) 3.34- 3.54 (4 H, m) 33 443.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.32 (1 H, s) 8.01 (1 H, s) 7.32 (1 H, td, J = 8.27, 6.55 Hz) 6.89 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.77- 6.83 (1 H, m) 6.60 (1 H, dd, J = 17.02, 10.56 Hz) 6.30 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.75 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.22 (3 H, s) 3.67-3.98 (4 H, m) 3.25- 3.55 (4 H, m) 34 427.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ ppm 8.13 (1 H, s) 8.12 (1 H, s) 7.28-7.36 (4 H, m) 7.20-7.26 (1 H, m) 6.65 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.57 Hz) 5.78 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.56 Hz) 4.61 (2 H, s) 3.83-4.01 (4 H, m) 3.48-3.62 (4 H, m). 35 503.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.13 (1 H, s) 8.11 (1 H, s) 7.12-7.37 (6 H, m) 6.91 (1 H, d, J = 8.22 Hz) 6.77 (1 H, t, J = 8.61 Hz) 6.64 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.37 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.96 Hz) 4.55 (2 H, s) 3.34-4.01 (8 H, m) 36 503.1 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.12 (1 H, s) 8.05 (1 H, s) 7.26-7.36 (5 H, m) 7.19- 7.24 (1 H, m) 6.93 (1 H, d, J = 8.41 Hz) 6.76 (1 H, t, J = 8.31 Hz) 6.58 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.76 Hz) 6.28 (1 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.75 (1 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.54 (2 H, s) 3.32-3.93 (8 H, m) 37 523 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.23 (0.6 H, s) 8.22 (0.4 H, s) 8.02 (0.4 H, s) 8.00 (0.6 H, s) 7.19-7.57 (8 H, m) 6.68 (0.4 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.60 (0.6 H, dd, J = 16.82, 10.56 Hz) 6.38 (0.4 H, dd, J = 16.63, 1.76 Hz) 6.32 (0.6 H, dd, J = 16.82, 1.76 Hz) 5.79 (0.4 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 5.73 (0.6 H, dd, J = 10.56, 1.76 Hz) 4.67 (1.2 H, s) 4.60 (0.8 H, s) 3.74-4.06 (4 H, m) 3.46-3.70 (4 H, m) 2.21 (1.8 H, s) 2.06 (1.2 H, s) 38 483.3 ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.04 (1 H, s) 7.26-7.33 (1 H, m) 6.82 (1 H, d, J = 8.29 Hz) 6.71 (1 H, t, J = 8.91 Hz) 6.51 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 10.57 Hz) 6.30 (1 H, dd, J = 16.79, 1.45 Hz) 5.72 (1 H, dd, J = 10.47, 1.55 Hz) 4.15 (2 H, br d, J = 6.43 Hz) 3.69-3.90 (8 H, m) 1.14-1.27 (4 H, m) 0.73-0.88 (1 H, m)

Biological Assay Data

Coupled Nucleotide Exchange Assay: Purified GDP-bound KRAS protein (aa 1-169), containing both G12C and C118A amino acid substitutions and an N-terminal His-tag, was pre-incubated with a compound dose-response titration for 2 hours in assay buffer (25 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl₂, and 0.01% Triton X-100). Following compound pre-incubation, purified SOS protein (aa 564-1049) and GTP (Roche 10106399001) were added to the assay wells and incubated for an additional hour. To determine the extent of inhibition of SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange, purified GST-tagged cRAF (aa 1-149), nickel chelate AlphaLISA acceptor beads (PerkinElmer AL108R), and AlphaScreen glutathione donor beads (PerkinElmer 6765302) were added to the assay wells and incubated for 10 minutes. The assay plates were then read on a PerkinElmer EnVision Multilabel Reader, using AlphaScreen® technology, and data were analyzed using a 4-parameter logistic model to calculate IC₅₀ values.

Phospho-ERK1/2 MSD Assay: MIA PaCa-2 (ATCC® CRL-1420™) and A549 (ATCC® CCL-185™) cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 Medium (ThermoFisher Scientific 11875093) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (ThermoFisher Scientific 16000044) and 1× penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (ThermoFisher Scientific 10378016). Sixteen hours prior to compound treatment, MIA PaCa-2 or A549 cells were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates at a density of 25,000 cells/well and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂. A compound dose-response titration was diluted in growth media, added to appropriate wells of a cell culture plate, and then incubated at 37° C., 5% CO₂ for 4 hours. Following compound treatment, cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL EGF (Roche 11376454001) for 10 min, washed with ice-cold Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, no Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺ (ThermoFisher Scientific 14190144), and then lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1% Igepal, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM NaCl, and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate) containing protease inhibitors (Roche 4693132001) and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche 4906837001). Cell lysates were stored frozen at −80° C. overnight. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in compound-treated lysates was assayed using Phospho-ERK1/2 Whole Cell Lysate kits (Meso Scale Discovery K151DWD) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Assay plates were read on a Meso Scale Discovery Sector Imager 6000, and data were analyzed using a 4-parameter logistic model to calculate IC₅₀ values.

TABLE 15 Biochemical and cellular activity of compounds Coupled exchange IC₅₀ p-ERK IC₅₀ p-ERK IC₅₀ Ex. # (μM) (MIA PaCa-2, μM) (A549, μM)  1-1 0.355 2.55 >33.3  1-2 2.38 6.08 >100  1-3 0.610 3.84 >100  1-4 >10 >100 >100  1-5 6.66 — —  1-6 2.88 36.2 >100  1-7 0.209 1.86 >100  1-8 0.894 6.07 >100  1-9 5.92 — —  1-10 0.381 1.09 11.1  1-11 0.695 8.2 >100  1-12 11.8 — —  1-13 >10 — —  1-14 1.78 5.03 >100  1-15 0.562 4.7 >100  1-16 0.492 4.83 >100  1-17 63.5 — —  1-18 0.370 0.559 >33.3  1-19 0.297 1.33 >100  1-19-1 0.115 0.368 >100  1-19-2 5.10 >100 >100  1-20 0.683 4.99 >100  1-21 1.30 4.89 >100  1-22 >250 — —  1-23 >250 — —  1-28 2.20 — >100  2-1 0.341 1.89 3.7  2-2 12.7 — —  2-3 4.05 6.53 >100  2-4 >250 — —  2-5 0.684 5.46 3.7  2-5-1 0.308 1.14 >100  2-5-2 1.35 7.48 3.7  2-6 1.59 2.97 3.7  2-6-1 13.0 — —  2-6-2 1.25 1.29 3.7  2-7 1.08 3.87 >33.3  2-8 0.361 0.258 >100  2-9 0.301 0.747 >100  2-10 1.73 3.07 >100  3-1 0.266 3.23 >100  3-1-1 3.00 >100 >100  3-1-2 0.302 2.35 >100  3-2 >250 — —  3-3 11.3 — —  3-4 >250 — —  3-5 0.693 5.26 3.7  3-6 1.05 11.8 >100  3-7 6.98 —  3-8 1.07 7.05 >100  3-9 3.37 9.25 >33.3  3-10 4.74 66.4 11.1  3-11 0.457 3.06 11.1  3-12 2.56 7.66 >100  3-13 6.49 — —  3-14 5.64 — —  3-15 4.03 20.1 >100  3-16 2.60 21.3 >100  3-17 5.48 — —  3-18 2.60 >100 >100  3-19 0.954 2.03 >33.3  3-20 2.99 9.65 >100  3-21 32.0 — —  3-22 0.249 1.12 >33.3  3-23 4.65 13.6 >100  3-24 9.07 23.7 >100  3-25 >250 — —  4-1 0.529 2.34 >100  4-2 >250 — —  4-3 >250 — —  4-4 >250 — —  4-5 >250 — —  4-6 0.630 10.3 >100  4-7 125 — —  4-8 177 — —  4-9 >250 — —  5-1 0.875 2.86 >100  5-2 14.2 — —  5-3 14.2 — —  5-4 0.610 3.25 >100  5-5 0.341 2.53 >100  5-6 0.883 5.9 >100  5-7 0.815 3.79 >100  5-8 0.433 1.2 >33.3  5-9 0.139 0.822 >100  6-1 0.537 1.3 3.7  6-2 5.31 — —  7-1 0.299 0.43 >100  7-2 0.180 0.222 >100  7-3 1.73 5.83 >100  8-1 0.542 0.211 62.3  8-1-1 0.172 0.046 69.8  8-1-2 0.322 0.811 >100  8-2 0.152 0.050 >100  8-3 0.283 0.061 >100  8-3-1 0.282 0.408 >100  8-3-2 0.340 0.028 >100  8-4 0.095 0.017 >33.3  8-5 0.400 2.41 >100  8-6 0.100 0.012 69.9  8-6-2 0.185 0.128 >100  8-6-1 0.066 0.01 >33.3  9-1 0.155 0.052 57.4  9-2 0.289 1.11 74.4  9-3 0.113 0.035 66.1  9-4 0.198 0.023 13  9-5 1.33 3.92 >100  9-6 0.237 3.51 >100  9-7-2 — 0.232 62.0  9-7-1 — 0.023 14.9  9-9 0.147 0.136 65.6  9-10 0.101 0.117 66.5  9-11 0.093 0.147 64  9-12 1.32 1.29 >100  9-13 0.306 0.078 12.8  9-14 0.129 0.344 >100 10-1 24.5 — — 10-2 1.93 36.1 >100 10-3 1.10 9.33 >100 10-4 0.235 3.47 >100 10-5 0.297 3.41 >100 10-6 1.20 6.07 >100 10-7 0.533 9.2 >100 10-8 1.34 12.9 >100 10-9 1.68 33.6 >100 10-10 0.359 6.85 >100 10-11 0.516 14.7 >100 10-12 0.912 22.6 >100 10-13 15.1 — — 11-1-1 0.231 0.247 42.9 11-1-2 0.151 0.016 21.7 11-2-1 0.219 0.054 10 11-2-2 0.256 0.006 26.4 12 3.34 25.9 >100 13 5.20 >100 >100 14 2.69 — — 15 2.56 — — 16 2.93 8.62 33.3 17-1 20.6 — — 17-2 1.02 2.6 49.1 18-1 23.0 — — 18-2 0.760 >100 >100 18-3 24.6 — — 19-1 15.2 — — 19-2 1.62 4.69 3.7 19-3 115 — — 20 78.8 — — 21 9.41 — — 22 0.927 56.1 >100 23 3.29 3.21 >33.3 24 6.20 — — 25 0.251 0.786 >100 26 3.90 30.3 >100 27 1.28 12.8 >33.3 28 8.17 — — 29 3.76 >100 >100 30 7.51 58 >100 31 123 — — 32 28.6 — — 33 103 — — 34 34.2 — — 35 8.01 79.7 >100 36 39.8 — — 37 9.07 14.7 >100 38 0.484 1.39 >33.3

The present invention is described in connection with preferred embodiments. PP71T, However, it should be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. It is understood that, given the description of the embodiments of the invention herein, various modifications can be made by a person skilled in the art. Such modifications are encompassed by the claims below. 

What is claimed:
 1. A compound having a structure of formula (I)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A compound having a structure of formula (I)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂ haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R⁷ is H or C₁₋₆alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. A compound having a structure of formula (II)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; J is N, NR¹⁰, or CR¹⁰; M is N, NR¹³, or CR¹³;

is a single or double bond as necessary to give every atom its normal valence; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; and R¹³ is C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that (1) when J is NR¹⁰, M is N or CR¹³; (2) when M is NR¹³, J is N or CR¹⁰; (3) when J is CR¹⁰, M is N or NR¹³; and (4) when M is CR¹³, J is N or NR¹⁰.
 4. A compound having a structure of formula (II)

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; J is N, NR¹⁰, or CR¹⁰; M is N, NR¹³, or CR¹³;

is a single or double bond as necessary to give every atom its normal valence; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂ haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; and R¹³ is C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the proviso that (1) when J is NR¹⁰, M is N or CR¹³; (2) when M is NR¹³, J is N or CR¹⁰; (3) when J is CR¹⁰, M is N or NR¹³; and (4) when M is CR¹³, J is N or NR¹⁰.
 5. The compound of claim 3 or 4, wherein when Q is C═O; and E¹ and E² are each CR¹; then either (1) R¹⁰ is C₁₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, or halo; or (2) R¹³ is C₁₋₃haloalkyl or C₃₋₅cycloalkyl.
 6. The compound of claim 3 or 4, wherein J is NR¹⁰ and M is CR¹³.
 7. The compound of claim 3 or 4, wherein J is CR¹⁰ and M is NR¹³.
 8. The compound of claim 3 or 4, wherein J is N and M is NR¹³.
 9. The compound of claim 3 or 4, wherein J is NR¹⁰ and M is N.
 10. A compound having a structure of formula (III) or (III′):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁-haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃ alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. A compound having a structure of formula (III) or (III′):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently N or CR¹; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₄haloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₄alkyl, N(C₁₋₄alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁-haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; Q is CR⁸R⁹, C═CR⁸R⁹, C═O, C═S, or C═NR⁸; R⁸ and R⁹ are each independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkoxy, cyano, nitro, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, can form a 3-6 membered ring; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 12. The compound of claim 10 or 11, having a structure of formula (III).
 13. The compound of claim 10 or 11, having a structure of formula (III′).
 14. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein Q is C═O.
 15. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein Q is C═S.
 16. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein Q is C═NR⁸.
 17. The compound of claim 16, wherein R⁸ is C₁₋₂alkyl.
 18. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein Q is CR⁸R⁹.
 19. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein Q is C═CR⁸R⁹.
 20. The compound of claim 18 or 19, wherein R⁸ and R⁹, taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-4 membered ring.
 21. The compound of claim 18 or 19, wherein R⁸ is C₁₋₂alkyl, and R⁹ is H.
 22. A compound having a structure of formula (IV) or (IV′):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R¹, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁸ is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, or NR¹¹R¹²; R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently H, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, N—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, N—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆ alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 23. A compound having a structure of formula (IV) or (IV′):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₂haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁-alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁸ is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, halo, cyano, nitro, C₃₋₁₄ cycloalkyl, or NR¹¹R¹²; R¹¹ and R¹² are each independently H, C₁₋₈alkyl, or C₃₋₁₅cycloalkyl; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 24. The compound of claim 22 or 23, having a structure of formula (IV).
 25. The compound of claim 22 or 23, having a structure of formula (IV′).
 26. The compound of any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein E¹ and E² are each CR¹, and R⁸ is hydroxy, halo, nitro, or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.
 27. The compound of any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein R⁸ is methyl.
 28. A compound having a structure of formula (V):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₆alkenyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅ alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅ alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R^(4′) is H, C₁₋₈alkyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆ haloalkyl, cycloalklyl, heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄ heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or selected from

R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 29. A compound having a structure of formula (V):

wherein E¹ and E² are each independently CR¹ or N; R¹ is independently H, hydroxy, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, NH—C₁₋₆alkyl, N(C₁₋₆alkyl)₂, cyano, or halo; R² is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, OR′, N(R′)₂, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, and each R′ is independently H, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₂₋₃alkenyl, C₂₋₃alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, or two R′ substituents, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 3-7-membered ring; R³ is halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₈alkenyl, C₂₋₈alkynyl, aryl, or heteroaryl; R⁴ is

ring A is a monocyclic 4-7 membered ring or a bicyclic, bridged, fused, or spiro 6-11 membered ring; L is a bond, C₁₋₆alkylene, —O—C₀₋₅alkylene, —S—C₀₋₅alkylene, or —NH—C₀₋₅alkylene, and for C₂₋₆alkylene, —O—C₂₋₅alkylene, —S—C₂₋₅alkylene, and NH—C₂₋₅alkylene, one carbon atom of the alkylene group can optionally be replaced with O, S, or NH; R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, halo, C₁₋₆alkyl, C₂₋₆alkynyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O—C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkylene-OH, C₁₋₆haloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkyleneamine, C₀₋₆ alkylene-amide, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OH, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)OC₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆ alkylene-O-aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C(O)C₁₋₄alkylene-OH, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, or cyano, or R⁵ and R⁶, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; R⁷ is H or C₁₋₈alkyl, or R⁷ and R⁵, together with the atoms to which they are attached, form a 4-6 membered ring; and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, NH—C₀₋₃ alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, halo, cyano, or C₁₋₆ alkylene-amine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 30. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein each of E¹ and E² is CR¹.
 31. The compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 29 wherein E¹ is CR¹ and E² is N.
 32. The compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 29, wherein E¹ is N and E² is CR¹.
 33. The compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 29, wherein each of E¹ and E² is N.
 34. The compound of any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₂₋₁₅heterocycloalkyl, C₁₋₄alkoxy, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, O—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, NH—C₁₋₈alkyl, N(C₁₋₈alkyl)₂, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄aryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, or NH—C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl.
 35. The compound of claim 28 or 29, wherein E¹ and E² are each CR¹, and R¹⁰ is C₁₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heteroaryl, C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl, or halo.
 36. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is C₁₋₈alkyl.
 37. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl.
 38. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 34, wherein R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄heteroaryl.
 39. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 35, wherein R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₃₋₁₄cycloalkyl.
 40. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 24, 26, 27, and 30 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is C₀₋₃alkylene-C₂₋₁₄heterocycloalkyl.
 41. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is C₀₋₆alkylene-amine.
 42. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of i-Pr, t-Bu, phenyl, benzyl, OCH₃, Cl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,


43. The compound of any one of claims 3 to 33, wherein R¹⁰ comprises ortho-substituted aryl, ortho-substituted heteroaryl, or 2-substituted cyclohexyl.
 44. The compound of claim 43, wherein R¹⁰ is selected from the group consisting of


45. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein R¹ is H.
 46. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein R¹ is F.
 47. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein R¹ is methyl.
 48. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein R² is aryl.
 49. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein R² is heteroaryl.
 50. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein R² is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, piperidine, pyrrolidine, azetidine, phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indazolyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, indolinyl, benzotriazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, imidazolyl, cinnolinyl, imidazopyridyl, pyrazolopyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, indolinonyl, isoindolinonyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, or tetrahydroisoquinolinyl.
 51. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein R² is selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, CF₃, OCH₃, OCH₂CH₃, phenyl


52. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein R² is selected from the group consisting of bromine,


53. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein R³ is halo.
 54. The compound of claim 53, wherein R³ is Cl.
 55. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein R³ is C₁₋₂alkyl.
 56. The compound of claim 55, wherein R³ is methyl.
 57. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein R³ is C₁₋₂haloalkyl.
 58. The compound of claim 57, wherein R³ is CF₃.
 59. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R⁴ is


60. The compound of claim 59, wherein ring A is


61. The compound ofany one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R⁴ is


62. The compound of claim 61, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of


63. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R⁴ is


64. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R⁴ is


65. The compound of claim 64, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of


66. The compound of any one of claims 59 to 65, wherein

is selected from the group consisting of


67. The compound of any one of claims 59 to 66, wherein L is a bond.
 68. The compound of any one of claims 59 to 66, wherein L is C₁₋₂alkylene.
 69. The compound of claim 59, 60, 62, 63, or 66, wherein L is O.
 70. The compound of claim 59, 60, 62, 63, or 66, wherein L is S.
 71. The compound of claim 59, 61, 64, 65, or 66, wherein L is NH.
 72. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 59, 61, 63, 64 and 66, wherein ring A comprises piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, or azetidinyl.
 73. The compound of claim 72, wherein ring A comprises piperidinyl.
 74. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 59, 61, 63, 64 and 65, wherein R⁵ is H or halo.
 75. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 59, 61, 63, 64 and 65, wherein R⁵ is H, Br, Cl, F, CN, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂Br, CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂OCH₂phenyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl, CH₂phenyl, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂N(CH₂CH₃)₂, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂OC(O)CH₃, or


76. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 65 and 67 to 75, wherein R⁶ is H, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-O—C₁₋₂alkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-OH, C₁₋₃haloalkyl, C₁₋₃alkylene-amine, C₀₋₃alkylene-amide, C₀₋₁alkylene C(O)OC₁₋₃alkyl, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₂₋₇heterocycloalkyl, C₀₋₁alkylene-C₃₋₈cycloalkyl, or C₀₋₃alkylene-C₆₋₁₄aryl.
 77. The compound of claim 76, wherein R⁶ is C₁₋₃alkylene-amine or C₁₋₃ alkylene-amide and is selected from the group consisting of CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF₂, CH₂NHCH₂CH₃


78. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 65 and 67 to 75, wherein R⁶ is phenyl, cyclopropyl, CH₃, CF₃, CH₂CH₃, CH₂NH₂, CH(CH₃)NH₂, CH(CH₃)₂NH₂, CH₂Cl, CH₂Br, CH₂OCH₃, CH₂Ophenyl, CH₂OH, CO₂H, CO₂CH₂CH₃, CH₂CO₂H, CH₂CH₂NH₂, CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NHCH₃, C(O)NHCH₃, C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂C(O)NHphenyl, CH₂CHF₂, CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂NHC(O)CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NHCH₂CO₂H, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CO₂CH₃, CH₂NHCH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OCH₃, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂C(O)NHCH₃, CH₂CH₂CCH, CH₂NMe₂, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂OH, CH₂NH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂F, CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₃, CH₂NHCH₂CHF₂, CH₂NHCH₂CH₃,


79. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 65 and 67 to 73, wherein R⁵ and R⁶ together are


80. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 65 and 67 to 73, wherein each of R⁵ and R⁶ is H.
 81. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58 and 63 to 80, wherein R⁷ is H.
 82. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58 and 63 to 80, wherein R⁷ is methyl.
 83. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, 63 to 65, 67-73 and 76 to 78, wherein R⁷ and R⁵ together are —CH₂— or —C(O)CH₂—.
 84. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of


85. A compound as recited in Table
 1. 86. The compound of any one of claims 1 to 85 in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
 87. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 86 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 88. A method of inhibiting KRAS G12C in a cell, comprising contacting the cell with the compound of any one of claims 1 to 86 or the composition of claim
 87. 89. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 86 or the composition of claim
 87. 90. The method of claim 89, wherein the cancer is lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, or colorectal cancer.
 91. A compound having a structure selected from:


92. The compounds of claim 91 in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
 93. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising the compounds of claim 91 or 92 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 